In-plant conveying

When material is stored in a silo, an in-plant conveying system is required to transfer the material from the storage location to the point of use. The main components of such a system include a blower, piping, valve(s), receiver(s), filter(s), and control units. 

The system vents through cartridge filters which are easy to replace. This system is used with multiple inlets and receiving points, for container unloading 

Several types of valves are used. The tunnel diverter valves allow the use of multiple supply or receiving lines. The A valve diverts the material stream to one of two destinations. The aeropass valve separates air from the material. The slide gate valve opens or closes to control flow. These valves can be either manual or automatic.  

Filters are used in conjunction with receiving units and blowers. In applications, where powder dusting is a problem, additional filtering systems are also installed. The whole system is operated from a central controller usually equipped with an alphanumeric backlit LCD display. Various levels of control and automatic operation are available. 

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If casing limitations are fixed by user-supplied relief valves, this information should be conveyed to keep the vendor from rating the compressors on other data. Evaluations can be more of a problem if the same design basis isn t universal with all vendors. Startup and shutdown consideration influence various components, shaft end seals, seal system pressures, and even thrust bearings in some instances. The use of an alternate startup gas, or the desire to operate a gas compressor on air to aid in plant piping dryout should be covered. 

Another basic question is what type of facility would be most applicable —i.e., is a fixed or a mobile irradiator most applicable If a fixed facility is applicable, should it be an in-plant unit or a central facility to be used by several processors Seasonal availability of a product, near one location, is critical to the economics of radiation processing since typical capital costs for a moderate food irradiation plant may run anywhere between a quarter and two million dollars or more. Where there are relatively short harvest seasons, it would be economically advantageous to plan for irradiation of several products. This, however, requires a more flexible or versatile conveying system past the radiation source and generally less efficient use of the radiation. Thus, while a slight increase in capital cost may be required, the unit cost for processing would be less. 

It is highly likely that genes conveying disease resistance or compromised conditions tolerance have existed in plants in the wild or in subsistence agriculture. These genes are rapidly being lost as less productive crops are being replaced by more productive crops under intense... 

The product from the compaction process is the flake. The thickness of the potash flake varies from plant to plant but on average is about 20 mm. After compaction the flake is cured in the conveying system. For potash the normal design of the plant provides about 3 minutes of curing time. The flake is broken into smaller pieces immediately below the roller. Pin-type breakers and coarse tooth roll crushers are used to break the flakes. 

For HCS purposes, a pictogram is a symbol on a white background with a red border that is intended to convey specific information about the hazards of a chemical. For in-plant or workplace labeling only, OSHA says that pictograms may have a black border, rather than a red border. 

In-plant slurry conveying systems are usually designed by the plant designer (or perhaps a consultant drafted into the team), while the... 

Pneumatic conveying plants take up little floor space and the pipeline can be easily routed up walls, across roofs or even underground to avoid any existing equipment or structures. Pipe bends in the conveying line provide this flexibility, but they will add to the overall resistance of the pipeline. Bends can also add to problems of particle degradation if the conveyed material is friable and suffer from erosive wear if the material is abrasive. 

In pneumatic conveying systems, bulk particulate materials are physically transported by air. Bends in pipelines, therefore, are particularly vulnerable to erosive wear, as are diverter valves and any other surface against which particles are likely to impact, including the pipeline itself to a limited extent. Where a pressure difference might exist on a plant, in the presence of abrasive particles, erosive wear will also occur, if there is a flow of air. A particular example here is with rotary air locks and screws used to feed materials into positive pressure pipelines. Even isolating valves will wear if they are not completely air-tight or fully shut. 

Machine operator attempted to release trapped workpiece in the tool, which was fed in by conveyance equipment, while plant (press) was running. As he released workpiece the conveyance equipment started up again... 

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