In insecticides

Basic copper ethanoate arsenates(iii) prepared from verdigris (or other basic copper salt), sodium arsenate(m) and ethanoic acid. Used in insecticides for spraying fruit trees. Readily decomposed to soluble arsenic compounds so use is very restricted. 

Plant Protection. Lecithin (0.5—10%) and phosphohpid fractions ate used in fertilizers (qv), herbicides (qv), insecticides, and fungicides as emulsifiers or to increase the effectiveness of the active ingredient (45). In insecticides (0.5—5% lecithin), lecithin is used for improved emulsification, spreading, penetration, and adhesion (see Insectcontroltechnology). 

Amongst synthetic quinoxalines, numerous types of biological activity have been reported. 5,6,7,8-Tetrachloroquinoxaline (132) and related halogenated derivatives have found use in fungicidal formulations. Phosphoric esters of 6-hydroxyquinoxaline (133) have found use in insecticidal preparations, and phosphoric ester derivatives of 2-hydroxyquinoxalines, such as (134), function as anthelmintics. 

It has been used to some extent as an ignition promotor for Diesel fuels, in insecticides, fungicides, as an accelerator in rubber vulcanization, and as an indicator in acid titrations (Refs 10 11)... 

Chambers JE, Carr RE. 1995. Biochemical mechanisms contributing to species differences in insecticidal toxicity. Toxicology 105 291-304. 

The aforementioned series of reactions provides a basis for a colorimetric analytical method for Compound 118 in which the commonly used agricultural chemicals do not interfere. The procedure described herein permits the estimation of as little as 10 micrograms of Compound 118, and has been successfully applied to the analysis of this insect toxicant in insecticidal dusts, in film residues on glass and paper, in human and animal urine, and in mixture with other insecticides. Application of this procedure to the determination of Compound 118 in milk and in spray and dust residues on plants appears promising. 

Mutero, A., Pralavorio, M., Bride, J.M. and Fournier, D. (1994) Resistance-associated point mutations in insecticide-insensitive acetylcholinesterase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91,5922—5926. 

The stable form of arsenic is the gray or metallic form, although other forms are known. Cooling the vapor rapidly produces yellow arsenic, and an orthorhombic form is obtained if the vapor is condensed in the presence of mercury. Arsenic compounds are used in insecticides, herbicides, medicines, and pigments, and arsenic is used in alloys with copper and lead. A small amount of arsenic increases the surface tension of lead, which allows droplets of molten lead to assume a spherical shape, and this fact is utilized in the production of lead shot. 

Casida JE (2010) Michael Elliott s billion dollar crystals and other discoveries in insecticide chemistry. Pest Manag Sci 66 1163-1170... 

Hoogendam I, Versteeg JPJ, DeVlieger M. 1962. Electroencephalograms in insecticide toxicity. Arch Environ Health 4 92-100. 

In another similar experiment the treated fish were transferred to insecticide-free water to study the elimination of the absorbed cis-chlordane. Bluegill, as mentioned in the section on elimination, were also analyzed for radioactivity. Goldfish injected with l C-heptachlor (38 yg/44g fish) (19) as well as those exposed to 26 ppb l C-cis-chlordane for 24 hr (9 x 16-g fish)(20) were held in insecticide-free water for 10 days and then analyzed for radioactivity. 

The Disposition and Biotransformation of Organochlorine Insecticides in Insecticide-Resistant and -Susceptible Mosquitofish... 

The biotransformation systems involved in insecticide metabolism have been studied in the R and S populations to determine any differences which might be potential contributory factors to or results of insecticide resistance. In addition, the possibility of mixed-function oxidase induction has been investigated. Specifically, the studies have encompassed a seasonal study of microsomal mixed-function oxidase (mfo) components, and studies of aldrin, dieldrin and DDT metabolism. 

Figure 3. Liver weight to body weight ratios (LW X 100/BW) in insecticide-resistant and -susceptible mosquitofish...

Kojic acid org chem C5H6O4 A crystalline antibiotic with a melting point of 152-154°C soluble in water, acetone, and alcohol used in insecticides and as an antifungal and antimicrobial agent. ko- ik, as-3d ... 

Uses Plasticizer plastic manufacturing and processing denaturant for ethyl alcohol ingredient in insecticidal sprays and explosives (propellant) dye application agent wetting agent perfumery as fixative and solvent solvent for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate camphor substitute. 

Many lead compounds are poisonous thus, their uses in insecticides and house paints have been hmited as other less toxic substances have been substituted. For example, lead arsenate [Pbj(AsOJ, which is very poisonous, has been replaced in insecticides by less harmful substances. 

Sulfur chloride (S Cl ) is combustible and will react when in contact with water. It is used to produce carbon tetrachloride, to purify sugar juices, to extract gold from its ore, in insecticides, and as a poisonous gas for military/combat purposes. 

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