Important Compounds and Application

Among the compounds of interest here, 3,4-dihydro-l,2,3-benzotriazin-4-ones clearly dominate with respect to biological activity or utility as reagents in synthesis. 

3-Triazoles and benzotriazoles are of great importance in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and industry. Numerous publications have appeared in the decade from 1985-1995. 

Dihydropyrrolizines and dihydropyrrolizinones are widely employed as scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, and many drugs or drug candidates are based on these skeletons. 

Aryl-substituted pyrrolizinones 90 were examined for their potential as inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 aromatase 2000BMC945 . Some benzo-annulated tetrahydropyrrolizinones were evaluated as inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKS) 2001JME4615 . 

Ketorolac 132, a nonstereoidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity, was marketed as a racemic mixture. It is now well established that (V)-ketorolac is the active enantiomer 1999MI382 . Therefore, efforts were devoted to the selective synthesis of this active stereomer, either by enzymatic kinetic resolution 2001TA1865 or by enantioselective synthesis 2005AGE609 . 

Dihydropyrrolizines 272, their salts and solvates, were prepared and evaluated as potential antitumor drugs or as site-specific DNA alkylating agents in the gene-relating technologies 1998WO9827095 . 

In CHEC-I the applications of pyridazines, cinnolines and phthalazines were briefly summarized 84CHEC-l(3B)i . The antibacterial monamycins were cited as a rare example of naturally occurring pyridazines, while the growth retardant, herbicidal, and fungicidal activities of synthetic pyridazine derivatives are mentioned. Note was made of the hypotensive and antihypertensive activities of hydralazine and dihydralazine, and that in the cinnoline series only 3-and 4-amino derivatives exhibit biological activity. 

The interest for applications of pyridazines, phthalazines, and cinnolines as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials certainly increased in the period 1996-2006. The database Scifinder revealed that 669 patents containing the topic pyridazine were published in this time frame. Similarly, for the benzo analogs phthalazine and cinnoline  

The hydrate of azetidin-3-one, 3,3-dihydroxyazetidine was isolated from the supernatant of a culture of Bacillus mesentericus 2000MI105 . This azetidine is a new growth-promoting factor, stimulating the growth of several strains of Bifidobacterium 2000MI105 . 3-Hydroxyazetidine is used as a precursor of oral carbapenem antibiotics L-036 233 

Azetidine 25 has shown promising anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity. Human cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous member of the herpes virus family. The EGso value obtained for this compound has been found to be similar to that of the standard reference compound ganciclovir and slightly better than that of cidofovir 

3-Trinitroazetidine is an energetic material that is sensitive to detonation on impact 1995JOC1959 . 

The iodinated analogue of A-85380 1998JME3690 , (S)-5-[123I]iodo-3-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine 241, is a ligand used for single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging of human and nonhuman nicotinic acetyl choline receptors in vivo. 

Several 2-ketoazetidines have shown dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibition property 2004BML5579 . 2-Thiazole, 2-benzothiazole and 2-pyridyl ketones were optimal ST binding groups for potency against DPP IV. Both 2-(/ )- and 2-(V)-isomers are equipotent. Certain stabilized azetidin-2-ones maintained their in vitro potency and inhibited DPP IV in the plasma for up to 6h. 

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Important Compounds and Applications 12.11.7.1 Compounds with Biological Activity... 

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