Implicit learning

A wide range of cognitive functions are affected, particularly memory, attention, motor skills, executive function and intelligence. In contrast, implicit learning appears to be unaffected (Danion et al., 2001). 

Danion, J.-M., Mulemans, T., Kaufmann-Muller, F., Vermaat, H. Intact implicit learning in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 158, 944-948, 2001. 

Mackintosh How would you set about distinguishing between explicit and implicit learning in problem-solving in chimpanzees ... 

Colagiuri, B., Livesey, E. J., and Harris, J. A. 2011. Can expectancies produce placebo effects for implicit learning Psvchonomic Bulletin Review 18(2) 399-405. 

Hypothesis 5 Reducing options of implicit learning of risk monitoring A driving environment filled with too many warning systems may interfere with and deteriorate the learning processes of the dangers in real traffic. 

But there is still another possibility. There could be no search at all because there are fixed connections between the elements of this task which direct the way (see implicit learning). Which of these two possibilities, the maximal, the minimal or some intermediate solutions have been chosen must be proven by the empirical cycle numbers. 

Against the implicit learning hypothesis of changing interhemispheric differences in repeated tasks stands the fact that the cycle times of the repeated tasks are not generally shortened relative to the naive task. In reality, one hemisphere has a... 

The use of vCT to compute the cycle numbers in repetitional tasks is inappropriate, as the examples P15 and P15b show. vCT is not constant but depends on the cycle numbers between tasks which can be changed by implicit learning. This comes from the method to determine vCT this method uses a distance of 4 between vll and v22 and a distance of 2 between all subsequent tasks. However, this is only true in naive subjects. In practiced subjects, the differences are smaller (see the explanation of fast mode and slow mode in the corresponding chapter). 

Implicit learning in monohemispheric auditory reaction tasks... 

Together with the expressions after full implicite learning (Hebb type connections between each stimulus and its coordinated key) one gets another two possibilities ... 

V (v22y-vlly)/CT = 2.5 (after full implicit learning of the stimulus-key connections) VI(v33y-vlly)/CT= ... 

With a constant cycle time, the above expressions could be used to compute the degree of implicit learning by reduction of the cycle numben The last two expressions after full implicit learning in the case of the auditory tasks ... 

The slope of the linear regression of the tasks vl 1 to vlOlO after full implicit learning has to be computed ... 

For example, the number of cycles between vl 1 and v22 is 4 without implicit learning and 2.5 after implicit learning. 

We already know that learning the connection between target stimulus and target key accelerates the decision time by reducing the number of necessary search processes. After implicit learning, we get the following searches in the visual task vlly ... 

That would attach 3.5 cycles to the fast variant ofv22y after implicit learning. 

In this task, one may ask for short-cuts after implicit learning (or effective presentation). 

Reduction of cycle numbers in various tasks after full implicit learning... 

The number of cycles after full implicit learning has to be determined experiment tally and compared to the various predictions of the competitive hypotheses. 

The implicit learning axiom demands slow mode in al lrH12B and fast mode in allrH12C3... 

The irreversibility of the searching mode (the implicit learning axiom)... 

The transition from fast mode to slow mode between xlly and x22y or x22y and x33y is forbidden because the effect of implicit learning cannot be annulled within minutes. 

Both transitions are independent from each other.The question is, whether the number of searching sets is reversible In the double search, the sensorimotor set (tSMS) can activate the response element (tRESP) without the help of the task set (TS). This may be an effect of implicit learning, too. In this case it would be irreversible in the succeeding task (xlly -> x22y). 

Is is forbidden (implicit learning axiom) that a fast mode of a previous task becomes a slow mode in the subsequent task (in the sequence xlly, x22y, x33y). The reverse case is possible. 

The structures in italic script are incompatible with the implict learning axiom which states the irreversibility of implicit learning in short periods. 

In this subject there is another possibility the first series was conducted in November 1998, the second series in October 1999. Is the implicite learning effect reversible within one year ... 

An argument against this hypothesis is the implicite learning within the first series but not within the second series. This difference cannot be explained. 

Either al 11H19B must be slow mode or a22lH19B must be fast mode. The above results are not compatible with the implicit learning axiom. 

The slow mode of a22rH28C violates the implicit learning axiom, therefore (4 + 1) was taken. 

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