Impartiality

As referred to above, most of the modules involve the intervention of a third party, the so-called notified bodies. These bodies are designated by Member States as being competent to carry out the certification tasks for which they are notified. As a precondition for their notification they must fulfil the minimum criteria which are set out in the relevant directives. These conditions vary from independence, impartiality and professional integrity, to technical competence, possession of or access to necessary facilities and to liability insurance. Once notified, the Commission publishes a list of all notified bodies in the Official Journal, It is worth noting that there is free competition between notified bodies and that manufacturers can make their own choice from all notified bodies notified within the European Union. 

The user inspectorate must fulfil the same technical criteria as the notified body. In addition, it must be organisationally identifiable and demonstrate its impartiality. It must not engage in any activities that might conflict with its independence of judgement and integrity. Given that the authorisation of user inspectorates to carry out conformity assessment is an innovation for technical harmonisation at Union level, the Commission shall monitor the application of this measure and evaluate its effects three years after the coming into force of the directive. 

Assurance of Impartiality in NDT through Attestation of the Procedures of Testing. 

Historically, physical evidence has taken on increasing importance in criminal matters. Court decisions have consistentiy looked askance at a defendant s admissions of guilt and even question eyewitness testimony. Physical evidence has traditionally been viewed as impartial and unbiased, and not subject to the problems associated with confessions made by an accused or the testimony of witnesses. 

Audit (Process Safety Audit) An inspection of a plant or process unit, drawings, procedures, emergency plans, and/or management systems, etc., usually by an independent, impartial team. 

To ensure their independence, auditors need not be placed in separate organizations. Although it is quite common for quality auditors to reside in a quality department it is by no means essential. There are several solutions to retaining impartiality ... 

The point here is that there may be any number of reasons for any ven result. For this reason, in assessing results, the PSM team must ask why as well as what, since the answer will dictate how you refine the system. As you do so, take particular care to be impartial more important than who may have made a mistake is figuring out how to improve the system so it won t recur. 

The impartial way in which acetoacetic ester was found to behave, sometimes playing the pait of a hydro.xy-coiripound, sometimes that of a ketone, has led to much discussion on the merits of the formulte proposed by Geuther and Frankland,... 

In his scientific life, his behavior and demeanor were far different. Newton was hostile to any criticism and he was capable of ruthless behavior. The priority dispute with the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz over the invention of the calculus is a case in point. In his capacity as President of the Royal Society, Newton appointed a committee of loyal Newtonians to investigate the matter. He then authored the committee s report, the infamous Comrnercium Epistolicmn and submitted it as though it were an utterly impartial report in his own favor. 

There are two further features of the review which I feel are specially commendable its intended impartiality, particularly welcome in a subject punctuated by controversies, and most importantly, open endedness, hopefully leaving the reader receptive to new developments yet to come. 

Impartiality - although always required of a mentor, graduates often emphasize this particular mentor quality. 

Acting as a sounding board and engaging in dialogue that can both be impartial as well as challenging. 

In the oxamyl tomato study, the DFR samples were obtained using a 5-cm Birkestrand sampler (10-cm disk size using the upper and lower surfaces). The sample consisted of 40 leaf disks or 400 cm from each subplot. The samples were collected impartially or in a nondirected approach from the middle two rows. The plot was four rows wide and the tractor came into contact with the first and fourth rows as the application was made. The middle two rows should be undisturbed by this movement and should therefore provide a more representative sample. 

FAO is not a relief agency. It does not purchase or distribute food products, although it is much concerned with food deficits and food surpluses. Neither is it a research agency, though it does try to enlist the interest of scientists in its fields and coordinate their efforts in the solution of pressing problems. Finally, of course, it is not a political organization, but operates as an international extension agency on a strictly impartial basis. 

Foster Development of Prophylactic and Antidotal Measures. The stimulation of laboratory and clinical research on prophylactic and treatment measures for many of the newer economic poisons is much needed at the present time. Considerable laboratory and animal work remains to be done before investigations can be undertaken. The therapeutic trials committee of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the AMA has had considerable experience in the organization of impartial clinical trials on remedial agents, and its knowledge and facilities would be offered freely in such matters. However, at the present time, the field of study is so broad that these investigations must be restricted to individual agents which show promise of wide acceptance and use. 

Parker, Samuel. A free and impartial censure of the Platonick philosophic, being a letter written to his much honoured friend Mr N.B. Oxford , 1666. 

Universities and other research institutions account for the majority of genetic engineering and food technology research and development. Therefore, they are well positioned to play a safety-assurance role as well as provide up-to-date information on technological advances and applications. While industry sponsorship raises some concerns, the public views academic institutions as a credible and trustworthy source of information. This being said, a more active effort to establish and maintain integrity and impartiality of research by these institutions is important. 

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