Immune system preclinical studies

V. Effect of Intestinal Microbiota on the Immune System Preclinical Studies... 

Alzheimer s Disease The vaccine being tested contains a small protein called jS-amyloid (AjS). This protein forms abnormal deposits, or plaques, in the brains of people with Alzheimer s disease. Researchers believe that Kji deposition causes loss of mental function by killing the brain neurons. The strategy of Aji vaccination is to stimulate the immune system to clean up plaques and prevent further A deposits. Although preclinical and Phase I studies showed the potential of the vaccine, the Phase II clinical trial was halted because 15 of 360 patients developed severe brain inflammation. Further studies showed that the A did generate the desired... 

The effects of interferons on the human immune system are highly variable. IFN-p tends to suppress certain aspects of immune function, whereas IFN-a can inhibit immune cell proliferation IFN-y, on the other hand, displays immune-enhancing properties. All three types of interferon have been studied preclinically and even clinically. 

There is also one unknown parameter regarding the use of HuCNS-SCs for therapy that has not been addressed in preclinical studies so far. Most of the studies were performed in immunosuppressed rats or NOD/SCID mice. Therefore, the activity of cytokines and chemokines of the immune system and their potential risks on HuCNS-SC therapy have not been fully investigated. Stem cells, including neurospheres, respond to the expression and activities of cytokines and chemokines. These activities may have adverse effects on the survival, migration and differentiation of HuCNS-SCs and thus affect their potential therapeutic use. 

Dobrovolskaia, M.A., Aggarwal, R, Hall, J.B., McNeil, S.E. (2008). Preclinical studies to understand nanoparticle interaction with the immune system and its potential effects on nanoparticle biodistribution. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 5, 487 95. 

Thus, the TOR pathway and sirolimus in particular has been shown to be a promising approach to the treatment of a variety of vascular disorders, both mechanistically at the preclinical level and verified in the clinic, Clearly, there are serious liabilities and toxicities with this approach if it were to be used in a chronic systemic fashion, Immune modulation with such a powerful agent would not be an acceptable approach for treatment of cardiovascular disease, However, results here do point to pathways for study and opens possible further understanding of the potential for intervention in this serious condition affecting millions of patients,... 

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