Load regulation

FIG. 8-23 Both load regulation and setpoint response require high gains for the feedback controller. 

Dynamic load response time This is the amount of time it requires the power supply to recover to within load regulation limits in response to a step change in the load. 

Load regulation Percentage change in the output voltage(s) in response to a change in load current from one-half rated to rated load current. 

The closed-loop gain at dc should be as high as possible. This has a direct bearing on the output load regulation of the supply. 

We thus realize that it is best to connect the lower end of the lower resistor to the converter ground, and the upper end of the upper resistor directly to the load. That configuration gives us the best load regulation. 

This is just an example of the complexities that can arise in debugging a simple power supply. In case you haven t guessed—this one was all about poor load regulation caused by thoughtless PCB routing ... 

Advantages Medium parts count, good output voltage line and load regulation, versatile, can provide step-up or step-down voltages Disadvantages No isolation from input to output... 

Disadvantages No isolation from input to output, no automatic line and load regulation File names Boostl (IsSpice), Boost2 (PSpice), Boost3 (Micro-Cap), Boost4 (SIMetrix)... 

Skeletal muscle is composed of muscle cells, thin and thick filaments, and endomysium, a connective tissue containing fibroblasts that holds the fibers together. Mechanical loading regulates normal muscle metabolism in the absence of normal tensile loading muscle atrophy results. Interactions between thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments result in lines or bands containing one or more of the muscle fiber components. The H band represents overlap of only the thick filaments whereas the I band represents the area of overlap of thin and thick filaments. The z lines are the points at which the sarcomere repeats itself. 

Divider close to 1C (better load regulation and noise immunity)... 

To gain a better insight into the effect of the proportional controller, consider unit step changes in the set point (servo problem) and the load (regulator problem) and examine the resulting closed-loop responses. For the servo problem, 7sp(5) = 1/5 and d(s) = 0. Then eq. (14.19) yields... 

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