Image analysis principles

Anon. (1985), Image Analysis, Principles and Practice, Joyce Loebl, 63... 

P. Soille, Morphological Image Analysis, Principles and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1999). 

Soille P (2003) Morphological image analysis - principles and applications, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin... 

The above mentioned aberrations can be measured (Zemlin et al. 1977) and, in principle, corrected for in a TEM. However, in practice, small residual aberrations are left due to the limited accuracy of the measurement and the stability of the microscope. Nonetheless, these residual aberrations have to be taken into account for a quantitative image analysis. 

K.H. Esbensen and T.T. Lied, Principles of image cross-validation (ICV) representative segmentation of image data structures, in Techniques and Applications of Hyperspectral Image Analysis, H. Grahn and P. Geladi (eds). Chap. 7. (155-180), John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester, 2007. 

This chapter introduces principles of three nonlinear contrast mechanisms— MPF, SHG, and THG—for microscopic imaging. The instrumentation of nonlinear multicontrast microscopy is described, and the methods of multicontrast image analysis are presented. The later parts of the chapter focus on several examples of multicontrast nonlinear microscopy applications in biological imaging. 

Additionally, the principle of garbage-in, garbage-out cannot be overstated. There is no point in attempting to quantify IHC slides unless one is sure that the immunohistochemical procedure has been produced in a reproducible fashion. Automation and standardization in the process of preparing the IHC slides are very important components for successful image analysis. 

In principle, the capillary depression caused by a fiber floating on a liquid surface can be used to calculate the contact angle 7], In practice, however, the relatively small depth of immersion can make it difficult to obtain sufficient accuracy. Recently, a technique utilizing image analysis has been developed to analyze the capillary rise profile around fibers or cylinders 79],... 

Resolution in the STEM is limited by the probe diameter, which is about 1 nm in equipment dedicated to this operating mode, at the cost of using a cold field emission gun requiring an ultravacuum. Because of the high-precision optics and the point-by-point image formation principle, the STEM combines the advantages of scanning electron microscope analysis with resolution performance levels similar to the transmission electron microscope. 

The Visilog image analysis software was used in the development of the analysis protocol described below, however the basic principles of the image processing steps should be applicable for use with any good software program. 

Other instruments using principles similar to those described previously are the Optomax V image analysis system (Optomax, Burlington, MA) and Imageplus (Dapple Systems, Sunnyvale, CA). This is by no means a comprehensive list of companies supplying equipment of this nature. 

Bacharach SL (1995). Image analysis. In Wagner HN Jr, Szabo Z, Buchanon JW (eds) Principles of nuclear medicine. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp 393 104... 

Murphy, C.P., P. Bullock, and R.H. Turner. 1977. The measurement and characterization of voids in soil thin sections by image analysis. Part I. Principles and techniques. J. Soil Sci. 28 498-508. 

J. C. Dainty and R. Shaw, "Image Science Principles, Analysis Evaluation of Photographic-Type Imaging Processes", Academic, New York, 1974. 

Kennedy, S. K. J. Mazzullo, 1991. Image analysis method of grain size measurement. In Syvitski, J. P. M. (ed.) Principles, Methods, andApplicationofParticle Size Analysis. Cambridge University Press, New York 76-87. 

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