Image analysis, flow cytometry

Coupling Flow Cytometry with Image Analysis—Assessing the Role... 

COUPLING FLOW CYTOMETRY WITH IMAGE ANALYSIS-ASSESSING THE ROLE OF MACROPHAGES IN TISSUE INJURY... 

Scientific progress has resulted in the continual development and evolution of useful and powerful techniques, such as multiparameter flow cytometry and image analysis, to answer questions of cellular maintenance and function (and the impact chemicals may exert) for the benefit of human health. Multiparameter flow cytometry provides researchers with a capacity to simultaneously examine multiple cellular characteristics on thousands of cells in a relatively short period of time. 

Morphometric and stereological research methods are valuable quantitative tools for toxicological studies. However, these methods can be very labour intensive and therefore are infrequently used for toxicity evaluation studies. Computerized image analysis may solve some of these problems in the fiiture. Other automated quantitative methods, such as flow cytometry, have also been used (Kangasniemi et al., 1990 Toppari et al., 1990). However, these are not routine techniques and are not incorporated in any testing guidelines at present. 

Robinson JP et al., eds. (2000). Current Protocols in Cytometry. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York. An ever-increasing volume (in ring-binder/loose-leaf or CD format) with articles on the theory of flow cytometry and image analysis as well as excellent discussions on the practical methodologies. It is kept current with quarterly supplements. 

The journal that specializes in research reports about flow techniques and flow analysis (as well as image analyis) is Cytometry. Its paired publication is Communications in Clinical Cytometry. The Journal of Immunological Methods is also often useful in this regard. 

Sensitive, but not as sensitive as flow cytometry Qualatative, except for a few antigens (i.e., image analysis) Analysis of a mixture of cells... 

The issue of distribution in the population of a monoseptic culture is only recently getting more attention. Studies on the single-cell level by image analysis (see the chapter in this volume by M.N. Pons), and by flow cytometry (see [4,5] and the section in the chapter by Sonnleitner in this volume), reveal that most microbial cultures are by no means a mass of identical cells, even those which do not show morphological inhomogeneity. Some of the methods discussed here can also give information on distribution of subpopulations, at least when these differ by clear-cut boundaries (for an overview see Table 2). 

Chen, F., Lu, J., Binder, B. J., Liu, Y., and Hodson, R. E. (2001). Application of digital image analysis and flow cytometry to enumerate marine viruses stained with SYBR Gold. Appi Environ. Microbiol. 67, 539-545. 

Kasdan HL, Chapoulaud E, Dougherty WM, Halby S, Tindel JR. Comparison of automated urine particle analysis methods a new flow imaging system versus flow cytometry. Clin Chem 2002 48 A5. 

Different types of analyses for the detection of micronuclei originating from structural or numerical aberrations are used light microscopy, semiautomated imaging systems, and flow cytometry (FACS analysis) [66, 67], Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific probes (e.g., centromeric probes) can also be used to examine nondisjunctions. Depending on the methodology, specific features of the damage can be characterized and mechanisms of action addressed. 

Easy to score and possible automation of micronucleated ceU scoring (image analysis or flow cytometry). 

The laser scanning cytometer (LSC) is a microscope-based cytofluorometer that combines advantages of flow cytometry and image analysis and is finding wide applicability in many disciplines of biology and medicine (see reviews in refs. 8,9). LSC measures cell fluorescence rapidly and with similar accuracy as flow cytometer. However, since the xy coordi-... 

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