Hysteresis dynamic behavior

Toluene was subsequently poured carefully onto this same mono-layer, and after standing 20 hours, the hysteresis experiments were repeated. The results are also shown in Figure 8. In Figure 9, the dynamic behaviors of two low M.W. HM-HEC monolayers, 5-16-1-2 and 5-8-2.5-11, at air/50 ppm aqueous interfaces, both studied at 3.6 cm/min, are presented. From the relatively high speed (K 3.0 cm/min) tt-A curves, one may make the following observations In Figures 6 through 9, the effect of molecular... 

Figure 7. Dynamic behavior of HM-HEC 30-16-0.5-6 monolayer at air/10 ppm aqueous solution interface, (a) and (b) hysteresis experiments with speeds of 3.1 cm/min and 0.225 cm/min, respectively.

Figure 8. Dynamic behavior of HM-HEC 10-16-1-4 monolayer at 10 ppm aqueous solution interfaces, at air (a) and toluene (b) hysteresis experiments at compression speed of 2.71 cm/min.

More generally, the dynamic behavior of domain walls in random media under the influence of a periodic external field gives rise to hysteresis cycles of different shape depending on various external parameters. According to a recent theory of Nattermann et al. [54] on disordered ferroic (ferromagnetic or fe) materials, the polarization, P, is expected to display a number of different features as a function of T, frequency, / = iv/2tt, and probing ac field amplitude, E0. They are described by a series of dynamical phase transitions, whose order parameter Q = uj/2h) Pdt reflects the shape of the P vs. E loop. When increasing the ac... 

This section dealt with the novel functionality of a photoresponsive monolayer to carry out the displacement of liquids simply by photoirradiation as a result of the photocontrol of surface energy. Self-assembled monolayers of CRA-CM are designed and fabricated to ensure sufficient /Z photoisomerizability even in densely packed monomolecular layers, which are quite stable toward solvent treatments. The following critical condition should be met in order to realize the surface-mediated photomanipulation of liquid motion 0 ec < adv In this context, contact-angle hysteresis plays an essential role in this kind of dynamic behavior of liquid displacement. 

In this context, contact-angle hysteresis plays an essential role in this kind of dynamic behavior of liquid displacement. 

With further increases of the input strain beyond 1.3x10, the interface changes its dynamic behavior because the strain amplitude of the interface vibration is no longer linear with the excitation and the transmitted harmonics change their relative phases. Furthermore their amplitudes no longer follow a power series expansion. We relate this behavior to a hysteresis and increasing viscoelasticity in the interface. The evaluation of the transmitted waves to obtain interface restoring forces has to take the phases explicitly into account The in-... 

If the dynamic behavior of a material or a component must be guaranteed, the material and its processing conditions are normally subject to continuous checking to ensure that the properties do not vary. The better way, of monitoring the dynamic properties directly, is confronted with the current high cost of testing. The hysteresis measurement procedure offers the possibility of obtaining the maximum of information on the dynamic behavior of a material or a component in a very short time. 

In recent years, problems related to the stability and the nonlinear dynamics of nonequilibrium systems invaded a great number of fields ranging from abstract mathematics to biology. One of the most striking aspects of this development is that subjects reputed to be "classical" and "well-established" like chemistry, turned out to give rise to a rich variety of phenomena leading to multiple steady states and hysteresis, oscillatory behavior in time, spatial patterns, or propagating wave fronts. 

Similarly, a model object reflecting the dynamic behavior of the concrete was constructed. Properties like elastic effects, creep, and hysteresis were excluded, and the material was assumed to be homogeneous and perfectly plastic. The idealization into a perfectly plastic material is a very radical step. No material is perfectly plastic, and certainly not conaete. Nonetheless, this model object was chosen because... 

Researchers studying polymer adsorption are always faced with the typical dynamic behavior of such systems slow equilibration, hysteresis, and apparent irreversibility. During the last two decades several experimental investigations have been performed in order to obtain a better understanding of the dynamics of the process of polymer adsorption [64-66]. These studies have also led to a better insight into the mechanism of polymer adsorption in general. 

Short fiber reinforcement of TPEs has recently opened up a new era in the field of polymer technology. Vajrasthira et al. [22] studied the fiber-matrix interactions in short aramid fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. Campbell and Goettler [23] reported the reinforcement of TPE matrix by Santoweb fibers, whereas Akhtar et al. [24] reported the reinforcement of a TPE matrix by short silk fiber. The reinforcement of thermoplastic co-polyester and TPU by short aramid fiber was reported by Watson and Prances [25]. Roy and coworkers [26-28] studied the rheological, hysteresis, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical behavior of short carbon fiber-filled styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymers and TPEs derived from NR and high-density polyethylene (HOPE) blends. 

Fig. 9.13 Time evolution of the NFS intensity for various temperatures around the HS-LS transition of [Fe(tpa)(NCS)2]. The measurements were performed at 1D18, ESRF in hybrid-bunch mode. The left-hand side shows measurements in the transition region performed with decreasing temperature and the right-hand side with increasing temperature. (The spectral patterns at comparable temperatures do not match due to hysteresis in the spin-transition behavior). The points give the measured data and the curves are results from calculations performed with CONUSS [9, 10]. The dashed line drawn in the 133 K spectmm represents dynamical beating. (Taken from [41])...

T = 140 °C. Here, during solidification, the H increase from 140 °C down to about 100 °C is the result of a double contribution of (a) the crystallization of the fraction of molten crystals and (b) the thermal contraction of the nonpolar phase crystals. The hysteresis behavior is also found in other mechanical properties (dynamic modulus) derived from micromechanical spectroscopy [66, 67], where it is shown that the hysteresis cycle shifts to lower temperatures if the samples are irradiated with electrons. It has also been pointed out that the samples remain in the paraelectric phase, when cooling, if the irradiation dose is larger than 100 Mrad. 

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