Hypoxic states

Fig. 18. (a) Representation of the tumor hypoxic state (diagram adapted from Ref. (83a). Arrow direction indicates decrease in pC>2 (< 1 mmHg), achieved for tumor depths larger than 100 pm (b) proposed mechanism for redox-mediated retention of [Cu(ATSM)] in hypoxic cells (101-105). Note Contrary to common belief cell membrane crossing solely by direct diffusion is unlikely for compounds of this family is unlikely, as indicated by fluorescence imaging work on aromatic Zn(II) analogs (vide infra). Endocytosis is the more likely uptake mechanism (112-113). 

Hypoxic states Cardiovascular collapse (shock), acute CHF, acute Ml, and other conditions characterized by hypoxemia have been associated with lactic acidosis and may cause prerenal azotemia. If such events occur, discontinue metformin. Surgicai procedures Temporarily suspend metformin for surgical procedures (unless minor and not associated with restricted intake of food and fluids). Do not restart until the patient s oral intake has resumed and renal function is normal. 

If hypoxic states occur, discontinue drug therapy Therapy should be suspended for surgical procedures Alcohol is known to potentiate the effect of metformin on lactate metabolism—patients should be warned about the dangers of excessive alcohol intake... 

Epithelial microcysts are an abnormal corneal response at the cellular level to chronic hypoxia from contact lens wear. When present, they tend to be observed in soft contact lens wearers, particularly those wearing extended-wear lenses. A hypoxic state can result in the development of microcysts due to such causes as... 

Lactic acidosis. This results from a number of causes, particularly tissue anoxia. In acute hypoxic states. such as respiratory failure or cardiac arrest lactic acido.sis develops within minutes and is life-threatening. Lactic acidosis may also be caused by liver disease. The presence of a lactic acidosis can be confirmed, if necessary, by the measurement of plasma lactate concentration. 

The neurotransmitter profiles in normal aging and AD must be interpreted with caution, keeping in mind the influence of terminal conditions (medical treatment, hypoxic states, cachexia) on post mortem measured transmitter content (Hardy et al.,... 

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