Hypothesis design

An empirical structure-property relation is based on observations in a set of fragmentary and incomplete data, instead of being based on a well-established theory of wide applicability and tested extensively. It is a tentative hypothesis designed to explain... 

Pathway mining In silico prediction (diversity set, target enriched chemical set) Optimize efficacy, toxicity, and ADME Optimize efficacy, toxicity, and ADME Design in vitro/ vivo studies to test hypothesis Design in vitro/vivo studies to test hypothesis... 

Nevertheless, problems arising due to the existing uncertainty in the values of step rate constants may be overcome to a great extent, by the studies of the same complicated reaction. It is appropriate to cite the opinion of the well-known chemist L. Kassel For lack of facts supporting one or another hypothesis, designing the reaction mechanism becomes a game, rather pleasant than useful [62]. 

Concept / Hypothesis Design / Stxategy Intuidon / Cariosity... 

It IS worth remembering that a theory can never be proven correct It can only be proven incor rect incomplete or inadequate Thus theories are always being tested and refined As important as anything else in the scientific method is the testable hypothesis Once a theory is proposed experiments are designed to test its validity If the results are con sistent with the theory our belief in its soundness is strengthened If the results conflict with it the theory IS flawed and must be modified Section 6 7 describes some observations that support the theory that car bocations are intermediates in the addition of hydro gen halides to alkenes... 

Under the null hypothesis, it is assumed that the sample came from a population whose mean [L is equivalent to some base or reference designated by lo. This can take one of three forms ... 

Design of explosion suppression systems is clearly complex, since the effectiveness of an explosion suppression system is dependent on a large number of parameters. One Hypothesis of suppression system design identifies a limiting combustion wave adiabatic flame temperature, below which combustion reactions are not sustained. Suppression is thus attained, provided that sufficient thermal quenching results in depression of the combustion wave temperature below this critical value. This hypothesis identifies the need to deliver greater than a critical mass of suppressant into the enveloping fireball to effect suppression (see Fig. 26-43). 

The implications of the Kirchhoff hypothesis on the laminate displacements u, V, and w in the x-, y-, and z-directions are derived by use of the laminate cross section in the x-z plane shown in Figure 4-4. The displacement in the x-direction of point B from the undeformed middle surface to the deformed middle surface is Uo (the symbol nought (°) is used to designate middle-surface values of a variable). Because line ABCD remains straight under deformation of the laminate, the displacement at point C is... 

This method represents the most common and traditional application of computational tools to rational drug design. From a list of molecules of known activity, one can establish a 3D-pharmacophore hypothesis that is then transformed into a 3D-search query. This query is then used to search a 3D database for structures that fit the hypothesis within a certain tolerance. If the yield of active molecules is significant, then the query can be used to predict activities on novel compounds. In our situation, the enantiophore is built from the superposition of a list of sample molecules, which are all well separated on a given CSR Hence, the common features of this series of molecules can become a good enantiophore hypothesis for the enantiores-olution on this CSR... 

After formulating a hypothesis, scientists design further experiments—carefully controlled tests—to verify it. Designing and conducting good experiments often requires ingenuity and sometimes good luck. If the results of repeated experiments—often in other laboratories and sometimes by skeptical coworkers—support... 

The effects of heat and/or water stress can be determined experimentally by raising animals at high temperatures with reduced water intake. This study reports on experiments designed to test the heat and water stress hypothesis. 

The nutrient stress hypothesis can be tested by comparing diet-tissue A N values of animals on low versus normal and high protein diets. Our controlled diet experiments, although primarily designed to trace carbon from different dietary macronutrient fractions (proteins versus carbohydrates, fats and sugars) to animal tissues under different levels of nutrient stress (Ambrose and Norr 1993) may be suitable for testing this hypothesis because they contain diets with 5, 20 and 70% protein by weight. 

Chellappan S, Kiran Kumar Reddy GS, All A, Nalam MN, Anjum SG, Cao H, Kairys V, Fernandes MX, Altman MD, Tidor B, Rana TM, Schiffer CA, Gilson MK (2007) Design of mutation-resistant HIV protease inhibitors with the substrate envelope hypothesis. Chem Biol Drug Des 69 455... 

In 2002, Hoveyda et al. reported the synthesis, structure and reactivity of a chiral bidentate Ru-based catalyst 65, bearing a binaphthyl moiety, for olefin metathesis [33]. Preference for a bidentate chiral imidazolinylidene was based on the hypothesis that such a ligand would induce chirality more efficiently. This catalyst was designed by analogy with similar achiral complexes 66 that... 

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