Hypothesis continuity

There is a substantial weight of evidence for the cytoskeleton being responsible for the force production and control of cell locomotion. This view has not yet been accepted unanimously. However, an alternative hypothesis continues to be argued which states that membrane cycling is the motive force driving cell locomotion (Bretscher, 1987). One of the predictions of the membrane flow hypothesis is that there should be a discernible flow of lipid from the front to the rear of the cell. Lipid flow has proven very difficult to study, because of the lack of suitable methods to label single lipid molecules and the heterogenous behavior of membrane-associated proteins. The observation that particles were transported rearward when they bound... 

Thus, the neurotrophic hypothesis continues to be intensely investigated and has yielded new insights and potential targets in the treatment of MDD. 

Fig. 8 Concentration profile of the electroactive species dissolved in the diffusion layer, a Species consumed by the electrochemical reaction, b species produced by the electrochemical reaction. The concentration profiles are represented in the Nernst hypothesis continuous curve), and in real values...

Conclusion. When the results of the experiments are analyzed, a conclusion is made as to whether the hypothesis is true or false. When experiments give consistent results, the hypothesis may be confirmed. Even then, a hypothesis continues to be tested and, based on new experimental results, may need to be modified or replaced. 

The Minitran system, by 3M Health Care, is a monolithic transdermal system that deUvers nitroglycerin at a continuous rate of 0.03 mg/(cm h) (81). The dmg flux through the skin is higher than the previous two systems thus the Minitran system is a smaller size for equivalent dosing. For example, the 0.1 mg/h dose is achieved with a 3.3 cm system rather than the 5 cm systems of Transderm-Nitro or Nitro-dur. Because the skin is rate-controlling in a monolithic system and the Minitran flux is higher than the similar monolithic Nitro-dur system flux, it appears that 3M Health Care has included an additive to increase the skin flux to 0.03 mg/(cm h). Whereas this information is not apparent in Reference 81, patent information supports the hypothesis (96). 

Nicotine Delivery Systems. For all transdermal nicotine products, the hypothesis is that continuous deflvery of nicotine [34-11-3] ne t trough levels during smoking should alleviate physical nicotine withdrawal symptoms and allow the smoker to concentrate on eliminating the behavioral aspects of addiction. 

Most often the hypothesis H concerns the value of a continuous parameter, which is denoted 0. The data D are also usually observed values of some physical quantity (temperature, mass, dihedral angle, etc.) denoted y, usually a vector, y may be a continuous variable, but quite often it may be a discrete integer variable representing the counts of some event occurring, such as the number of heads in a sequence of coin flips. The expression for the posterior distribution for the parameter 0 given the data y is now given as... 

Prout s hypothesis that the atoms of all elements were composites of hydrogen. Further, Mendeleev was particularly fond of emphasizing that smooth curves should not be drawn through the points representing numerical data on the elements, since such curves would imply continuity instead of strict individuality. 

In passing we remark that there are well-known statistical methods of hypothesis testing and parameter estimation used in decisionmaking. Sequential analysis is a method of sampling used to decide whether to accept or reject a lot with defective items, or whether to continue sampling. Also, there are various statistical methods used in quality control of a manufacturing process, to decide on how much the quality should be improved to be acceptable. 

The remarkable result of this investigation which is of interest to us here, is the hypothesis introduced by Planck that the energy of a resonator does not increase continuously, like the kinetic energy of a particle moving in a straight line under the action of a force, but per saltum, in whole multiples of a quantity c, proportional to the frequency ... 

Fig. 38. Test of an equivalent-diameter hypothesis using annulus burn-out data for water [from Barnett (B4)]. The continuous lines are evaluated from the correlation of round tube data given in Section VIII, A for the same pressure, mass velocity, and length as the annulus data, and for the diameters shown.

In Section 8.3 the mechanism of heterolytic dediazoniation of arenediazonium ions was discussed, and it was shown that the hypothesis of Crossley et al. (1940) that the aryl cation is the characteristic metastable intermediate in those reactions was not consistent with some experimental facts found in 1952 by Lewis and Hinds. Nevertheless, these facts did not have significant influence on the scientific community, which continued to accept the original and apparently convincing hypothesis of the rate-limiting formation of an aryl cation as an intermediate as correct . The incom-patabilities of various mechanistic hypotheses with experimental facts were, however, discussed in some detail only two decades later (Zollinger, 1973 a). Another year passed before I performed a crucial experiment that refuted a number of hypotheses (Bergstrom et al., 1974, 1976). ... 

The discussion on the capacitive charging of conductive polymers continues 362 - 364) poiiowing Feldberg s hypothesis the capacitive charge should be proportional to the amount of oxidizable film whereby it is assumed that oxidation of the film occurs at one defined redox potential All available experimental findings are unequivocal evidence that the latter assumption is wrong. In a recent... 

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