Hypothermal activity

Hypotensive activity. Fruit juice, administered by intravenous infusion to dogs at a dose of 10 mL/minute for 30 minutes, was active Water extract of the fresh leaf and stem, administered intravenously to dogs at a dose of 0.1 mL/kg, was active " . Hypothermic activity. Ethanol (50%) extract of the leaf, administered intraperi-toneally to mice at a dose of 0.375 mg/kg, was inactive . 

Hypothermic activity. Ethanol extract of the plant, administered intraperitoneally to guinea pigs, was inactive . Hypouricemic activity. An aqueous leaf extract, administered repeatedly to male and female rats at doses of 37.5, 75, 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg daily for 60 days, produced an increase of weight, hypotension, hypoglycemia, and hypouricemia 5 Immunosuppressant activity. Seed oil, administered in ration of mice, was active . Inotropic effect positive. Glycerin/etha-nol extract of the leaf, administered to rabbits at a dose of 5 mg/mL, was active on heart k Ethanol (95%), glycerin, and ethanol/glycerin extracts of the seed oil, administered to rabbits at a dose of 5 mg/mL, were active on heart ° . 

Hypotensive activity. Methanol (50%) extract of the dried rhizome, administered intravenously to rats at doses of 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg (dry weight of plant), was active ° k Hypothermic activity. Hot water extract of a mixture of Pinellia ternata (Tu), Magnolia obovata (Bk), Perilla frutescens (Aer), Zin ber officinale (Rh), and Poria cocos (Fr) (6, 3, 2, 1, and 5 g, respectively), adminis-... 

Research into linalool-rich plants from Brazil demonstrates potent effects on the central nervous system in vivo, including sedative, spasmolytic and hypothermic activity. Linalool has been shown to modulate glutamate activation expression in vivo and in vitro and may also inhibit GABAergic transmission (Elizabetsky et al. 1999). Linalool has also been shown to produce an inhibitory effect on acetylcholine (Ach) release and on the channel opening time of the neuromuscular junction, as well as a local anaesthetic action (Re et al. 2000). 

To confirm their results and check for methodological problems, some studies have been carried out. As there was a probability that hypothermic conditions during temporary removal from dam may have affected the results, Pauluhn and Schmuck administered S-bioallethrin and deltamethrin to neonatal mice from postnatal day 10 to 16 under a hypo-, normo-, or hyperthermic environment, and measured the MAChR density at the age of 17 days [51]. Increase in MAChR in Cortex at PND 17 in animals treated with S-bioallethrin was observed. Meanwhile, no changes were observed in animals treated with deltamethrin. In addition, an enormous influence of environmental temperature on the density of MAChR receptors in the crude synaptosomal fraction of the cerebral cortex was ascertained. Tsuji et al. exposed mouse dams with their litters to D-allethrin by inhalation for 6 h from postnatal day 10 to 16. The inhalation administration method is the most relevant route of exposure for humans, including babies and infants, after indoor use of D-allethrin. The neonatal exposure to D-allethrin by inhalation did not induce effects either on the brain MAChR density or motor activity at 17 days and 4 months of age, or on performance in the leaming/memory test at 11 months of age [52]. Other unpublished studies with D-allethrin, S -bioallethrin, or deltamethrin were examined to confirm the results of Eriksson et al. and showed inconsistent results [53]. The reasons for discrepancy among these findings are unknown. 

Several derivatives of imidazo[2,l-/]theophyllines were synthesized and tested for their CNS activity. Compounds 476 showed significant antiserotonin and long-lasting hypothermic effects, and both 477 and 478 possess anticonvulsant properties <1999EJM1085, 2002FA697>. 

The trialkyl-5-amino derivatives possess analgesic activity. Their quaternary salts with methyl bromide are very toxic. Most 5-dialkylamino derivatives, as well as the amides, showed analgesic, hypothermic, and antipyretic activity, with less toxicity than aminopyrine. They also appear to have a tranquillizing action. 

Quinoline alkaloids from the Rutaceae family (a = L-anthranilic acid) show antimicrobial activity. Moreover, quinoline alkaloids of the Haplophyllum species are known for their powerful biological properties. For example, skim-mianine has sedative, hypothermic and antidiuretic uses. Haplophyllidine is a strong depressant of the CNS. 

D CruzB. J., Fertig K. C., Filiano A. J., Hicks S. D., DeFranco D. B., and Callaway C. W. (2002) Hypothermic reperfusion after cardiac arrest augments brain-derived neurotrophic factor activation. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 22, 843-851. 

We have also studied the expression and activity of SOD under nor-mothermic and hypothermic conditions in a transient MCAO model (4) and found that SOD activity was nearly identical in the noninfarcted tissue of normothermic and hypothermic animals. There were no significant differences in enzyme activity between temperature groups in the ischemic cortex however, SOD activity was slightly reduced in the... 

Coagulation defects have been noted with severe hypothermia. These defects include platelet dysfunction, increased fibrinolytic activity, and decreased enzymatic activity necessary for clotting to occur (48,49). However, even mild surface cooling may produce a reversible platelet defect (48,50,51). Mild hypothermia typically reduces metabolism and hepatic clearance of various anesthetic agents and other medications (52). This must be taken into consideration when formulating an anesthetic plan for the hypothermic patient. 

Rosengren BI, Carlsson O, Venturoli D, al RO, Rippe B. Transvascular passage of macromolecules into the peritoneal cavity of normo- and hypothermic rats in vivo active or passive transport J Vase Res 2004 41(2) 123-30. 

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