Hyporheic

Fig. 5 Decrease of surface water and the effects on the longitudinal distribution of riverine habitats. During high flow (a) surface habitats, i.e. riffle (fast flowing sections) and pools (slow flowing sections), are available. Drying first affects the surface waters (b), causing fragmentation and the formation of remaining pools (c). During this phase the hyporheic compartment is also restricted to the pool habitats. Finally, both the superficial and hyporheic compartments dry completely up, and potential refuge for the aquatic biota disappear...

Triska FJ, Kennedy VC, Avanzino RJ et al (1989) Retention and transport of nutrients in a third-order stream hyporheic processes. Ecology 70 1892-1905... 

Butturini A, Bernal S, SahaterS, SahaterF (2002) The influence of riparian-hyporheic zone on the hydrological responses in an intermittent stream. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 6 515-526... 

Malard F, Mangin A, Uehlinger U, Ward J (2001) Thermal heterogeneity in the hyporheic zone of a glacial floodplain. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 58 1319... 

Malard F, Galassi D, Lafont M, Doledec S, Ward JV (2003) Longitudinal patterns of invertebrates in the hyporheic zone of a glacial river. Freshw Biol 48 1709... 

Often the flow of water in the river bed is accompanied by a subsurface flow through the aquifer below and beside the surface flow. Although this flow is much slower than the surface flow, its cross section can be very large and its discharge rate can exceed the discharge of the surface flow, especially in dry areas. The interaction of water and chemicals between surface flow and aquifer is called hyporheic exchange. Here we will not deal with the influence of the hyporheic flow on the surface flow. The opposite, the impact of the river water on the chemical characteristics of the groundwater will be discussed in Chapter 25. 

Besides interacting with suspended particles, a chemical also undergoes direct exchange at the sediment surface by diffusion and advection into the hyporheic zone. Furthermore, resuspension followed by exchange between water and particles also adds to the sediment-water interaction. These processes have been extensively discussed in Chapter 23, especially in Box 23.2. There we concluded that the effect from the different mechanisms can be combined into a flux of the form (see Eq. 23-25) ... 

Brown, B.V. (2005) Arsenic transport in groundwater, surface water, and the hyporheic zone of a mine-influenced stream-aquifer system. Master s Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, p. 44. 

Schindler, J. E., and D. P. Krabbenhoft. 1998. The hyporheic zone as a source of dissolved organic carbon and carbon gases to a temperate forested stream. Biogeochemistry 43 157-174. 

Because of the continuous exchange of water between the stream and its hyporheic zone, similar surface reactions and microbial processes that alter DOM en route to streams are also at work in stream ecosystems. These... 

Baker, M. A., C. N. Dahm, and H. M. Valett. 1999. Acetate retention and metabolism in the hyporheic zone of a mountain stream. Limnology and Oceanography 44 1530-1539. 

Brunke, M., and H. Fischer. 1999. Hyporheic bacteria — Relationships to environmental gradients and invertebrates in a prealpine stream. Archiv fiir Hydrobiologie 146 189-217. 

Fiebig, D. M. 1997. Microbiological turnover of amino acids immobilized from groundwater discharged through hyporheic sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 42 763-768. 

Findlay, S. 1995. Importance of surface-subsurface exchange in stream ecosystems The hyporheic zone. Limnology and Oceanography 40 159—164. 

Findlay S., and W. V. Sobczak. 1996. Variability in removal of dissolved organic carbon in hyporheic sediments. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 15 35—41. 

Findlay S., D. Strayer, C. Goumbala, and K. Gould. 1993. Metabolism of streamwater dissolved organic carbon in the shallow hyporheic zone. Limnology and Oceanography 38 1493—1499. 

Hendricks, S. P. 1993. Microbial ecology of the hyporheic zone A perspective integrating hydrology and biology. Journal of the North American Bentholgical Society 12 70—78. 

Naegeli, M. W., and U. Uehlinger. 1997. Contribution of the hyporheic zone to ecosystem metabolism in a prealpine gravel-bed river. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 16 794-804. 

Sobczak, W.V. 1999. Microbial metabolism of dissolved organic carbon in stream hyporheic zones. Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 

The measurement of solute fluxes in surface-water discharge is an indirect approach to estimating chemical weathering rates. Due to low mineral-to-fluid ratios and short residence times, minimal silicate weathering occurs in the streambed and the hyporheic environment. Rather, surface-water solutes represent discharges from other weathering environments that are spatially and temporally integrated by the watershed flux. 

Maurice P. A., McKnight D. M., Leif L., Fulghum J. E., and Gooseif M. (2002) Direct observations of aluminosilicate weathering in the hyporheic zone of an Antarctic dry valley stream. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66, 1335-1347. 

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