Hyperoside

Flavonoids (Quercetin, Rutin, Hyperoside, Quercitrin) [15] Method... 

Fig. 1 Separation of flavonoids fluorescence scanning curve of rutin (1), hyperoside (2), quercitrin (3) and quercetin (4).

Colored substance zones were obtained which could be analyzed quantitatively. The (visual) detection limits were hypericin 1 ng, rutin and chlorogenic acid 5 ng, hyperoside — quercetin 10 ng per mm chromatogram zone. The detection limits for densitometric analysis are between 20 and 50% of those for visual detection. 

The following fiRf values were obtained quercetin 90 — 95, hypericin 75 — 80, quercitrin 60 — 65, quercetin-3-arabinoside 55 — 60, isoquercitrin 45 — 50, hyperoside 40—45, chlorogenic acid 30 — 35, rutin 20—25 (Fig. 1). 

Fig. 1 Chromatography of flavonoids. 1. Extract. Solidaginis 2. Rutin — chlorogenic acid — isoquercitrin — quercitrin 3. Extract. Hyperici 4. Hyperosid — quercetin-3-arabinosid — hypericin — quercetin 5. Extract. Betulae...

Hydroxytryptamine 380 5-Hydroxytryptophan 240,241 Hydroxytyramine 392 Hyodesoxycholic acid 334 Hyperici, Extract. 279 Hypericin 148, 279, 280 Hyperoside 149,279,323 -, -quercetin 280... 

Phenolic acid A = ferulic acid phenolic acid B = caffeic acid flavonoid A = isoquercitrin flavonoid B = hyperoside phenolic acid E = chlorogenic acid flavonoid C = rutin. 

Fig. 2.49. Profile of Hypericum perforatum extract with the H LC-MS attributions of the components detected. 1 = chlorogenic acid isomer 2 = 3-0- -coumaroylquinic acid 3 = chlorogenic acid 4 = rutin 5 = hyperoside 6 = isoquercitrin 7 = 3,3, , , 7-pentahydroxyflavanone 7-0-rhamnopyranoside 8 = quercitrin 9 = quercetin 10 = 13,118 tapigenin 11 = pSeudohypericin 12 = hypericin 13 = hyperforin analogue 14 = hyperform dialogue 15 = hyperforin 16 = adhyperforin. Reprinted with permission from M. Brolis eta. [ ].

Other glycoflavonoids (rutin, nicotiflorin, hyperoside and iso-quercitrin) were purified and identified from Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz and Pavon) Van Tieghem (Loranthaceae) leaves." These compounds showed bactericidal effect at a concentration of 4 mg/mL... 

In addition to the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis, chilling stress has also been shown to promote the formation of colorless flavonoids. Cold treatments (and drought stress) caused increases in levels of (—)-epicatechin and hyperoside (quercetin 3-galactoside) in two species of hawthorn, Crataegus laevigata and C. monogyna. Such treatments also enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the shoot extracts, and this may be the primary function of these cold-inducible flavonoids. 

Wang, Y. L., Hu, Z. B., and Yuan, Z. B., Ionic liquid and HF-p-CD modified capillary zone electrophoresis to separate hyperoside, luteolin and chlorogenic acid, Chinese Chem. Lett., 17, 231-234,2006. 

Flavonoids Leaves, stalk, buds Quercetin, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, 13, 118 biapigenin... 

Figure 3 Structures of (A) hypericin (B) pseudohypericin (C) hyperforin (D) flavo-noids (R=H quercetin R=a-L-rhamnosyl quercitrine R=P-D-glucosyl isoquerci-trine R=P-D-galactosyl hyperoside R=P-D-rutinosyl rutin R=P-o-glucuronide miquelianin) and (E) procyandin B2.

In general, the biological evaluation of hypericin in various test models is limited by its poor water solubility. It was shown in in vitro as well as in vivo studies (18,78) that the water solubility of hypericin was remarkably enhanced in the presence of procyanidins or flavonol glycosides of SJW extract. In a recent pharmacokinetic study in rats, it was shown that procyanidin B2 as well as hyperoside increased the oral bioavailability of hypericin by approximately 58% (B2) and 34% (hyperoside) (Fig. 5) (19). Procyanidin B2 and hyperoside had a different influence on the plasma kinetics of hypericin median maximal plasma levels of hypericin were detected after 360 minutes (Cmav 8.6 ng/mL) for B2, and after 150 minutes... 

Figure 4 (A) Plasma levels of hypericin in the presence ( ) and absence ( ) of pro-cyanidin B2. (B) Plasma levels of hypericin in the presence ( ) and absence (o) of hyperoside. Source From Ref. 19.

Cmaxi 8.8ng/mL) for hyperoside. The authors suggest that treatment of patients with the entire SJW extract, depending on its composition, should be superior to the treatment with isolated compounds, because the extract provides not only different classes of active compounds, but also constituents that influence their bioavailability (19). 

Butterweck V, Lieflaender-Wulf U, Winterhoff H, Nahrstedt A. Plasma levels of hypericin in presence of procyanidin B2 and hyperoside a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Planta Med 2003 69 189-192. 

Campanula glomerata L. f. canescens (Maxim.) Kitag. C. glomerata L. var. dahurica Fisch. ex Ker-Gawl. C. punctata Lam. Feng Lin Cao (whole plant) Quercetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, hyperoside, isoquercetin, trifolin, chlorogenic acid, methyl caffeate, coumaroylquinic acid.48 For throat infection, headache... 

Celosia argentea L. C. margariacea L. Cao Jue Ming (Quail grass) (stem, leaf) Guijaverin, hyperoside, quercitin, isoquercitrin.50 Insecticidal. 

Hibiscus mutabilis L. Fu Rong Yie (Cotton rose) (leaf, flower) Isoquercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, quercetin-4-glucoside, quercetin, quercimeritrin.50 Applied to swellings, bums, ulcers. Internally lung ailments, cough, dysuria, menorrhagia. 

Persicaria amphibia (L.) S. F. Gray Liang Xi Liao (whole plant) Hyperoside, avicularin, quercetin, kaempferol, quercimeritrin, luteolin-7-glucoside.48 Treat diarrhea. 

Prunella vulgaris L. Xia Ku Chao (Heal-all) (leaf) Caffeic acid, d-camphor, cyanidin, delphinidin, d-fenchone, hyperoside, oleanolic acid, rutin, ursolic acid.48 450 Antibacterial, antipyretic, cardiac tonic, diuretic, anticancer. 

Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. V. vitis-idaea L. Wu Fan Shu (Mountain cranberry) (leaf) 6-o-acetyl-arbutin, arbutin, avicularin, 2-o-caffeoylarbutin, d-catechol, 1-epicatechol, d-gallocatechol, hyperin, hyperoside, sioquercitrin, salidroside, tannins, ursone.50 For gonorrhea. 

N.A. Hypericin, hyperoside, rutin, quercitin, chlorogenic acid, pseudohypericin, flavonoids.99 100 102 Antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antiseptic and astringent properties. 

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