Hyperglycemia mellitus

This drug is contraindicated in individuals who have had previous hypersensitivity reactions to pentamidine isethionate. Pentamidine isethionate is used cautiously in patients with hypertension, hypotension, hyperglycemia, renal impairment, diabetes mellitus, liver impairment, bone marrow depression, pregnancy (Category C), or lactation. 

Diabetes mellitus is a complicated, chronic disorder characterized by either insufficient insulin production by the beta cells of die pancreas or by cellular resistance to insulin. Insulin insufficiency results in elevated blood glucose levels, or hyperglycemia As a result of the disease, individuals with diabetes are at greater risk for a number of disorders, including myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident (stroke), blindness, kidney disease, and lower limb amputations. 

Those with type 1 diabetes mellitus produce insulin in insufficient amounts and tiierefore must have insulin supplementation to survive Type 1 diabetes usually has a rapid onset, occurs before die age of 20 years, produces more severe symptoms tiian type 2 diabetes, and is more difficult to control. Major symptoms of type 1 diabetes include hyperglycemia, polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased appetite), polyuria (increased urination), and weight loss. Treatment of type 1 diabetes is particularly difficult to control because of the lack of insulin production by die pancreas. Treatment requires a strict regimen tiiat typically includes a carefully calculated diet, planned physical activity, home glucose testing several times a day, and multiple daily insulin injections. 

Insulin glargine is given SC once daily at bedtime This type of insulin is used in the treatment of adults and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in adults widi type 2 diabetes who need long-acting insulin for die control of hyperglycemia. 

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of CKD.2 The risk of developing nephropathy associated with DM is closely linked to hyperglycemia and is similar for both type 1 and type 2, although it is slightly higher in patients with type 2 DM.5 An estimated 3% of patients with DM will develop ESRD, which is 12 times greater than those without DM.6... 

O Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes a group of chronic metabolic disorders that are characterized by hyperglycemia and are associated with long-term microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications. 

Differential diagnoses include diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome because patients with these conditions share several similar characteristics with Cushing s syndrome patients (e.g., obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance). In women, the presentations of hirsutism, menstrual abnormalities, and insulin resistance are similar to those of polycystic ovary syndrome. Cushing s syndrome can be differentiated from these conditions by identifying the classic signs and symptoms of truncal obesity, "moon faces" with facial plethora, a "buffalo hump" and supraclavicular fat pads, red-purple skin striae, and proximal muscle weakness. 

Hyperglycemia that can range from impaired glucose tolerance (75%) to diabetes mellitus (20% to 50%)... 

Diabetes mellitus therapy initiation hyperglycemia, monitor fasting blood switching to an NNRTI-based... 

Intravenous lipid emulsions are also a source of calories. The typical daily dose in adults is approximately 0.5 to 1 g/kg per day. In the absence of hypertriglyceridemia, substituting a portion of dextrose calories with lipid calories may be beneficial in situations where dextrose infusion may lead to complications (e.g., hyperglycemia). Some examples include patients with diabetes mellitus or pancreatic disease and patients under severe stress (e.g., trauma or burns) who are at risk for hyperglycemia. The maximum of dose of lipid emulsions is 2.5 g/kg per day,7 or 60% of total daily calories, although doses this high are used rarely in practice. 

As in the case of other cardiovascular diseases, the possibility of antioxidant treatment of diabetes mellitus has been studied in both animal models and diabetic patients. The treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with a-lipoic acid reduced superoxide production by aorta and superoxide and peroxynitrite formation by arterioles providing circulation to the region of the sciatic nerve, suppressed lipid peroxidation in serum, and improved lens glutathione level [131]. In contrast, hydroxyethyl starch desferrioxamine had no effect on the markers of oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Lipoic acid also suppressed hyperglycemia and mitochondrial superoxide generation in hearts of glucose-treated rats [132],... 

For pentamidine, side effects include hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, severe hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, pancreatitis, irreversible diabetes mellitus, elevated transaminases, nephrotoxicity, leukopenia, and cardiac arrhythmias. 

Type 2 diabetes mellitus As an adjunct to diet and exercise to lower the blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in combination with metformin or thiazolidinediones to lower blood glucose in patients whose hyperglycemia cannot be controlled by exercise, diet, and either agent alone. 

Insulin detemir Treatment of adult and pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who require basal (long-acting) insulin for the control of hyperglycemia. 

Hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus Hyperglycemia, in some cases extreme and associated with ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma or death, has been reported in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. 

Diabetes mellitus, new onset Exacerbation of pre-existing diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia have been reported in HIV-infected patients receiving protease inhibitors. 

Diabetes mellitus/Hyperglycemia New-onset diabetes mellitus, exacerbation of preexisting diabetes mellitus, and hyperglycemia have been reported during postmarketing surveillance in HIV-1-infected patients receiving PI therapy. 

---