Hyperactivity performance

Amphetamine Clinically used for narcolepsy (sudden day-time onset sleep) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) formerly used as a short-term slimming agent, as an antidepressant and to boost athletic performance recreational use widespread tolerance develops readily highly addictive regular users suffer many health problems and a reduced life expectancy amphetamine psychosis may develop, with similar symptoms to acute paranoid schizophrenia. 

The most common side effects are fatigue, drowsiness, and depression. Phenobarbital impairs cognitive performance. In children, hyperactivity can occur. 

What are these subclinical effects Very simply, they are effects that occur at blood lead levels below those that produce clinically measurable effects - they occur in the absence of any sign of overt lead poisoning. These effects can be detected only by studying various forms of behavior, such as degree of hyperactivity and classroom attention span, and performance on various tests of intelligence and mental development. Deficits in neurobehavioral development, as measured by two widely used tests - the Bayley and McCarthy Scales - have been reported in children exposed prenatally (via maternal blood) to blood... 

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), 281 Aromatase, 272 Arousal, 133-134 Atomoxetine, 425 Atropine, 308, 399-300 Attention, 117, 125, 127, 130-134, 137 Attentional performance, 146, 160-161 Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), 117-118... 

Manor, I., Tyano, S., Eisenberg, J., Bachner-Melman, R., Kotler, M., and Ebstein, R. P. (2002) The short DRD4 repeats confer risk to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a family-based design and impair performance on a continuous performance test (TOVA). Mol. Psychiatry. 7, 790-794. 

Dopamine-Stimulating Medications. A variety of drugs that increase the availability of dopamine have been studied in cocaine addicts including L-DOPA, bupropion, amantadine, and methylphenidate. In small uncontrolled trials, these have shown some benefit, but definitive studies have yet to be performed. In addition, some dopamine-stimulating medications (in particular, the stimulants like methylphenidate or the amphetamines) are themselves subject to abuse, though, of note, this is typically not a problem when they are prescribed to patients who do not have a history of substance abuse such as, for example, in the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. 

Stimulants are considered to be among the safest and most effective psychotropic medications prescribed. This view is based on a history of over 60 years of research and clinical use for a variety of physiological and psychiatric conditions. In a ground-breaking article, Bradley (1937) reported that D, L-amphetamine diminished motor activity, increased compliance, and improved academic performance in hyperactive children. Continuing his research throughout the next two decades, Bradley published more case reports of successful amphetamine treatments in children (Bradley and Bowen, 1941). 

Schmidt, K., Solanto, M.V., and Sanchez, M. (1984) The effect of stimulant medication of academic performance, in the context of multimodal treatment, in attention deficit disorders with hyperactivity. / Clin Psychopharm 4 100—103. 

Faraone, S.V., Biederman,. Krifcher Lehman, B., Spencer, T., Norman, D., Seidman, L., Kraus, I., Perrin,., Chen, W, and Tsuang, M.T. (1993) Intellectual performance and school failure in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and in their siblings. Abnorm Pyschol 102 616-623. 

Kupietz, S.S., Winsberg, B.G., Richardson, E., Maitinsky, S., and Mendell, N. (1988) Effects of methylphenidate dosage in hyperactive reading-disabled children I. Behavior and cognitive performance effects. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27 70-77. 

Rapport, M.D., Quinn, S.O., DuPaul, G.J., Quinn, E.P., and Kelly, K.T. (1989b) Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and methylphenidate the effects of dose and mastery level on children s learning performance. J Abnorm Child Psychol 17 669-689. 

Conflicting results, however, made it difficult to determine whether a Feingold diet is beneficial, despite a number of studies that have been conducted that have led to the view that food dyes did impair performance of h)rperactive children [54], or did not in a controlled study [56], or that it did and that a one-week experimental diet could be used to detect a "sub-group of children hyperactive from specific food dyes[57]."... 

Swanson JM, Kinsbourne, M. Food Dyes Impair Performance of Hyperactive Children on a Laboratory learning test. Science 1980 207 1485-1487. 

Psychostimulants are medications that can increase drive and performance. Their most frequent use is in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in narcolepsy. They are also called stimulants or, less commonl today, analeptics. 

This is one of the last of the experimental compounds within the phenethylamine family on which any animal toxicity studies were performed by me prior to human studies. A mouse injected with 50 mg/Kg (ip) showed considerable twitching and was irritable. Another, at 100 mg/Kg (ip), had overt shaking at 20 minutes, which evolved into persistent hyperactivity that lasted several hours. Yet another, at 125 mg/Kg (ip), lost much of her righting reflex within 15 minutes,... 

The first experiment to disprove Bradley s theory of the paradoxical or reverse effect was conducted in 1980 by Judy Rapoport and her colleagues at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Under well-controlled conditions, they surveyed the cognitive and behavioral effects of stimulants on both hyperactive and non-hyperactive children. Their results showed that both groups performed better when taking stimulants. In other words, the researchers... 

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