Diphyllobothrium dendriticum

Representative species investigated by these and other techniques such as TEM include the following Dipylidium caninum (755, 756), Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (277,280-283), Echinococcus granulosus (570), Hymenolepis diminuta (462,966), H. microstoma (936, 937, 941, 943), H. nana (202, 206, 966), Mesocestoides sp. (304),... 

Fora basic account of synapses in general, see the text by Threadgold 877). Synapses have been examined in a number of genera, e.g. Diphyllobothrium, Echinococcus and Hymenolepis 277, 726,936,941,943). In the plerocercoid of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, synapses are formed between neurites in which the presynaptic neurite contains (a) both dense-core vesicles and clear vesicles or b) small clear vesicles only (Fig. 2.10). The former correspond closely to the dense-core vesicles of aminergic neurones, and have been tentatively classified as aminergic synapses (277), whilst the latter are classified as cholinergic synapses. These neurones are discussed further below. 

Fig. 2.10. Diphyllobothrium dendriticum types of single and shared synaptic contacts. The nerve terminals are filled with dense-core and small clear vesicles, (a) Single synapse. (b) Shared synapse, (c) Single synapse on nerve fibre with dense-core and small clear vesicles, (d) Single shared synapse on large lucent nerve with mixed vesicle content and of presumed sensory nature. (e) Shared synapse on peptidergic nerve fibre and fibre lacking special characteristics. (/) Shared synapse on glycogen-rich parenchyma cells. The postsynaptic densities (bold arrows) and the synaptic clefts (thin arrows) are well developed in all synapses. (After Gustafsson, 1984.)...

Fig. 2.11. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurones (large arrows) in the main nerve cord (n) of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum plerocercoid. M, Medullary parenchyma C, cortical parenchyma lm, longitudinal muscle layer e, main excretory duct. The nerve fibres extend (small arrows) through the longitudinal muscle layer out to the peripheral nerve ring (pn). Sections stained with Sternberger s immunoperoxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. (Courtesy Dr Margaretha K. S. Gustaffson.)...

Microstomum lineare Polycelis nigra Diphyllobothrium dendriticum Schistocephalus solidus... 

Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, Eubothrium crassum and Triaenophorus crassus (766, 782) D. dendriticum, D. latum and D. vogeli (272-274) Aploparaxis polystictae (49, 409). 

Diphyllobothrium dendriticum Succinate, lactate Similar to aerobic... 

Early work has been reviewed in the first edition relevant recent references include Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, D. latum and Diphyllobothrium spp. (172, 421) Ligula intestinalis (269, 421) Schistocephalus solidus (255, 269), Triaenophorus nodulosus(269) T. crassus(269, 712, 713) Spirometramansonoides(64I) S. erinacei (269,330,424-426,972) Eubothrium spp. (269) Haplobothriumglobuliforme (484) Penetrocephalus sp. (119). 

Fig. 9.3. Establishment of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum in the gut of the golden hamster. Most worms initially become established in the second or third third of the small intestine, but then migrate forwards, so that by 66 h all worms are found in the anterior third. STOM, stomach CAEC, caecum INTEST, intestine. (After Halverson Anderson, 1974.)...

An elegant demonstration that the larval/adult transformation, resulting in sexual differentiation, is, in fact, associated with a neurosecretory mechanism has been made by Gustafsson and co-workers (207, 278, 280, 281,283). They showed that a clear activation of the peptidergic neurones took place when plerocercoid larvae of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum were transferred from the poikilothermic intermediate fish host to the final homeothermic bird host. The effect could also be reproduced by cultivating... 

Dick, T. A. Pool, B. C. (1985). Identification of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum and Diphyllobothrium latum from some freshwater fishes of central Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63 196-201. 

Grammeltvedt, A.-F. (1973). Differentiation of the tegument and associated structures in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum Nitsch (1824) (Cestoda Pseudophyllidea). An electron microscopical study. International Journal for Parasitology, 3 321-7. 

Gustafsson, M. K. S. (1976). Observations on the histogenesis of nervous tissue in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum Nitzsch, 1824 (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea). Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 50 313-21. 

Synapses in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda). An electron microscopical study. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 21 167—75. 

Activation of the peptidergic neurosecretory system in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda Pseudophyllidea). Parasitology, 83 243-7. 

Immunocytochemical demonstration of neuropeptides and serotonin in the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. Cell and Tissue Research, 240 255-60. 

Halverson, O. Andersen, K. I. (1974). Some effects of population density in infections of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch) in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse) and common gull (Larus larus L.). Parasitology, 69 149-60. 

Torres, P., Figueroa, L. Franjola, R. (1981). [Studies on Pseudophyllidea (Cams, 1813) in the south of Chile. VIII. Experimental development of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum Nitzsch in Larus maculipennis Lichenstein.] In Spanish. Boletin Chileno de Parasitologia, 36 74-5. [HA/52/3721]... 

Eriksson, K., Gustafsson, M. and Akerlind, G. (1993) High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of monoamines in the cestode Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. Parasitol. Res. 79 699-702. 

Gustafsson M. K. S., Lehtonen, M. A. I. and Sundler, F. (1986) Immunocytochemical evidence for the presence of mammalian neurohormonal peptides in neurons of the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. Cell Tissue Res. 243 41-49. 

Gustafsson, M. K. S. and Wikgren, M. C. (1989) Development of immunoreactivity to the invertebrate neuropeptide small cardiac peptide B in the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. Parasitol. Res. 75 396-400. 

---