2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, chemical

Some tailor-made homopolymers can serve as starting points for chemical modifications to yield new species. Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(glyceryl methacrylate) 16), already mentioned, are obtained upon hydrolysis of the OH-protecting groups that allow the anionic polymerization to proceed. Another example is the acid hydrolysis of poly(t-butyl methacrylate), a reaction which proceeds easily to completion, yielding poly(methacrylic acid) of known degree of polymerization and narrow molecular weight distribution 44 45). 

Materials. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, Aldrich Chemical Co.) and chlorotrimethylsilane (Cl-TMS) (Lancaster Synthesis Inc.) were used as received. The source and purification of the other chemicals has been described (7). 

Montheard,J.P.,Chatzopoulos,M.and Chappard, D. (1992) 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) - chemical properties and applications in biomedical fields. Journal of Macromolecular Science — Macromolecular Review, 32, 1—34. 

Anderson, J. M., Komis, T., Nelson, T., Horst, M., and Love, D. S., The Slow Release of Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate from Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) Membranes, in Hydrogels for Medical and Related Applications (J. D. Andrade, Ed.), American Chemical Society Washington, pp. 167-178. 1976. 

Fig. 11 Chemical formulas of poly(acryl amide) (PAAm), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), poly(t-butyl acrylate) (PtBA), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)...

Cavity varnishes are used to seal the exposed dentinal tubules and protect the pulp from the irritation of chemicals in the filling materials. They are generally largely NR or a synthetic polymeric resin such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). 

We have recently evaluated the ATRP of a wide range of hydrophilic monomers such as 2-sulfatoethyl methacrylate (SEM), sodium 4-vinylbenzoate (NaVBA), sodium methacrylate (NaMAA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA), 2-(iV-morpholino)ethyl methacrylate (MEMA), 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA), oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), glycerol monomethacrylate (GMA), 2-methacryl-oyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and a carboxybetaine-based methacrylate [CBMA]. Their chemical structures and literature references (which contain appropriate experimental details) are summarised in Table 1. 

Fig. 6.23. Effect of thermal (a) and UV initiation (b), type of comonomer, and percentage of 1-dodecanol in the polymerization mixture on the mode pore diameter of quinidine-functionalized chiral monoliths. (Reprinted with permission from [56]. Copyright 2000 American Chemical Society). Reaction conditions polymerization mixture, chiral monomer 25 8 wt%, glycidyl methacrylate ( ) or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ( ) 16 wt%, ethylene dimethacrylate 16 wt%, porogenic solvent 60 wt% (consisting of 1-dodecanol and cyclohexanol), polymerization time 20 h at 60°C (a) and 16 h at room temperature (b).

Fig. 6.29. Electrochromatographic performance of monoliths prepared by copolymerization of ethylene dimethacrylate and chiral monomer 25 with glycidyl methacrylate (a) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (b) as comonomers. (Reprinted with permission from [60]. Copyright 2000 American Chemical Society). Conditions capillary column 335 mm (250 mm active length) x 0.1 mm i.d., pore size 993 nm (a) and 1163 nm (b), analyte DNB-(R,S)-leucine, mobile phase 400 mM acetic acid and 4 mM triethylamine in acetonitrile-methanol (80 20, v/v), 25 kV, temperature 30°C.

HEMA is the polymer formed from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, which has the chemical formula CH2=C(CH3)(C02CH2CH2OH). 

Table A. Composition of Styrene—Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Copolymers Determined by Chemical Analysis...

Fig. 22 Synthesis of amphiphilic diblock copolymers of poly(l,l-dimethyl-2,2-dihexyldisilene)-i>-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). Reproduced with permission from [48] Sanji et al. (1999) Macromolecules 32 5718. American Chemical Society...

There exist communications on chemical reactions catalyzed by magnetic fields in connection with electromagnetic radiation. A photoresist was cross--linked by Panico under such conditions [10]. Teffal and Gourdenne polymerized (without initiator) 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate by means of microwaves in a waveguide [11]. Actually this should be regarded as thermal polymerization, with the heat generated by dipole vibrations of the polar groups the monomer. 

Verhoeven, J. Schaeffer, R. Bouwstra, J.A. Junginger, H.E. The physico-chemical characterization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) 2. Effect of water, PEG 400 and PEG 6000 on the glass transition temperature. Polymer 1989, 30, 1946-1950. 

Graft copolymers were prepared by both classical strategies, that is, from enzymatically obtained macromonomers by subsequent chemical polymerization and by enzymatic grafting from hydroxyl functional polymers. Kalra et al. studied the synthesis of PPDL graft copolymers from macromonomers, which were obtained by the enzymatic ROP of pentadecalactone (PDL) from hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and polyethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) [40]. Subsequently graft copolymers were obtained by free radical polymerization of the macromonomers. A similar approach was published by Srivastava for the HEMA-initiated enzymatic ROP of CL and subsequent free radical polymerization [41]. 

Recent experiments indicate that polymers that contain a balance of hydrophobic (nonpolar) and hydrophilic (polar) chemical groups show minimal protein adsorption and cell adhesion (6). With the intent of rationally designing a contact lens material that would minimize protein adsorption, the adsorption of lysozyme, albumin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to a series of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers and copolymers was measured. The polymers ranged from 100% poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to 100% poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA). Adsorption varied significantly for each protein, as did the elutability of the proteins from the surfaces. 

Nayak, R D.K. Mishra D. Parida K.C. Sahoo M. Nanda S. Lenka P.L. Nayak. Polymers from renewable resources. IX. Interpenetrating polymer networks based on castor oil polyurethane poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Synthesis, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. / Appl. Polym. Sci. 1997, 63, 671-679. 

The 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and 2,2 -azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, as initiator for polymerization) used for preparing UV-crossHnkable acrylic PSAs were obtained from Junsei Chemicals Co. and used as received. The photoinitiator P-36 containing a double bond was obtained from SK UCB Co., Korea. The typical synthetic method was as follows (see Table 17.1). 2-EHA (120 g), VAc (22.5 g), AA (7.5 g), AIBN (0.3 g), and ethyl acetate (75 g) were aU mixed in a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, dropping fuimel, and thermometer. The polymerization reaction was initiated at 70 °C. After this temperature had been maintained for 1 h, ethyl acetate (75 g) containing P-36 (1.5 g) was gradually added to the flask while it was stirred for 1 h, and then the polymerization was carried out at 70-75 °C for another 5 h. All of the syntheses were carried out in a flask wrapped in aluminum foil... 

The capped radical-generating centers of living polymerization, located on the surface of monolith pores, can be further used for functionalization, by grafting various monomers, for example, vinylbenzyl chloride, tert-butyl methacrylate, or vinylpyridine [393], as well as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate [394]. Another possibiHty for changing the surface chemistry is the involvement of pendent double bonds that remain on the pore surface of highly crossUnked styrene-DVB rods, in a variety of chemical reactions these have been reviewed by Hubbard et al. [395]. 

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