Hydrothorax

Postmortem lesions include excessive fluid in the sac surrounding the heart (hydropericardium) in the chest cavity (hydrothorax) pulmonary edema hemorrhage in the abomasum and intestine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis enlarged liver, spleen, and lymph nodes and edema and hemorrhage of the brain. 

The 1-hour LCso in rats was 262 ppm, and the oral LDso was lOOmg/kg. In animal experiments lung edema and hydrothorax have occurred after inhalation exposure. Repeated oral administration causes necrosis of the liver, spleen, adrenal gland, and testis, as well as ulceration and perforation in the gastric area in rats. The dermal LDso in rabbits was 141 mg/ kg, indicating significant skin absorption. ... 

Draba sa L. Ting Li Zi (fruit stalk, seed) Allyl sinapic oil.60 As an expectorant, diuretic in chronic trachitis, asthma, pleurisy, hydrothorax. 

Euphorbia kansui Lion. Qian Jin Zi, Gan Suei (root) Alpha-euphol, tirucallol, alpha-euphorbol, kansuinine.33-144 This herb is very toxic. Diuretic, expectorant, for ascites, constipation, dysuria, hydrothorax. 

When water metabolism is disturbed, water can accumulate in certain places, such as the hydrothorax and ascites, which can obstruct the Qi. In acute and excess conditions, they should be drained downwards by herbs with a cathartic effect in order to relieve symptoms. 

Edema, cough with thin, watery phlegm, hydrothorax, ascites, diarrhea, difficult urination or retention of urine, painful, swollen, heavy and cold limbs, fear of cold. 

If the Lung-Qi is blocked, edema often shows on the face and fingers, there is cough with thin, watery phlegm and hydrothorax. 

Other presenting signs of ovarian hyperstimulation include ascites, hydrothorax, thrombophlebitis, and, as in one recently reported case, acute dyspnea (24). 

Mroueh A, Kase N. Acute ascites and hydrothorax after gonadotropin therapy. Report of a case. Obstet Gynecol 1967 30(3) 346—9. 

Hepatic hydrothorax (C.S. Morrow et al., 1958) is evident during the course of liver cirrhosis with ascites in 0.4-12% of cases. The mean frequency is about 6%, although in two-thirds of the cases, a right-sided effusion (with the author s own patients a bilateral effusion) was ascertained. (66) (s. fig. 16.8) Hepatic hydrothorax is a transudate cell count protein concentration <2.5 g/dl, total protein effusion to serum ratio <0.5, LDH effusion to serum ratio <2.3, serum to pleural fluid albumin gradient >1.1 g/dl. (s. also fig. 16.9) (17, 37, 47, 52 - 54, 66)... 

Fig. 16.8 Right-sided hepatic hydrothorax in liver cirrhosis...

Rubinstein, D., Mclnnes, I.E., Dudiey, F.J. Hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of clinical ascites. Diagnosis and management. Gastroenterology 1985 88 188-191... 

Strauss, R.M., Boyer, T.D. Hepatic hydrothorax. Semin. Liver Dis. 

Degawa, M., Hamasaki, K., Yano, K., Kanao, K., Kato, Y., Sakamoto, I., Nakata, K., Eguchi, K. Refractory hepatic hydrothorax treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. J. Gastroenterol. 1999 34 128-131... 

Therapy includes paracentesis -i- thoracocentesis + i.v. albumin solution, pleural drainage or pleurodesis with talc. Recently, pleurodesis using argon beam coagulation + minocycline hydrochloride has been recommended. In the case of refractory hepatic hydrothorax, TIPS or liver transplantation may be indicated. (53)... 

An evaluation of 25,682 clinical data sheets from 1952-1963 (Dept, of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Giessen) revealed the existence of a total of pleural effusions (combination of banal effusion and hydrothorax) in 9.8% of cases (confirmed by X-ray imaging or autopsies). In 4.3%, pleural effusion was found to be hepatogenous. Localization was bilateral in 69%, left-sided in 18.7Vo, and right-sided in 12.3Vo - a controversial result when compared with some statements made in the literature, (s. p. 298 and footnote )... 

Ferrante, D., Arguedas, M.R., Cerfolio, R.J., Collins, B.G., van Leeu-wen, D.J. Video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery with talc pleurodesis in the management of symptomatic hepatic hydrothorax. Amer. X. Gastroenterol. 2002 97 3172-3175... 

Another feature of vitamin A hepatotoxicity, namely respiratory symptoms caused by hepatic hydrothorax, associated with excessive vitamin A consumption has been reported (49). 

Miksad R, de Ledinghen V, McDougall C, Fiel I, Rosenberg H. Hepatic hydrothorax associated with vitamin a toxicity. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002 34(3) 275-9. 

Hydrothorax Serous fluid accumulating in the pleural cavity (caused by catheter insertion)... 

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