Hydrophylic/hydrophobic

It is obvious from the above conditions that the transfer of strongly hydrophylic Zf anions from phase w to s and of strongly hydrophobic X2 anions from phase 5 to vr is much more difficult compared to the transfer of the common hydrophylic-hydrophobic cations. In the equilibrium state, the Galvani potential is defined in terms of the Nernst equation (4) ... 

This technique is a variant of CZE. A cationic or anionic surfactant compound, such as sodium dodecylsulphate, is added to the mobile phase to form charged micelles. These small spherical species, whose core is essentially immiscible with the solution, trap neutral compounds efficiently by hydrophylic/hydrophobic affinity interactions (Fig. 8.7). Using this type of electrophoresis, optical purity analysis can be conducted by adding cyclodextrins instead of micelles to the electrolyte. This is useful for separating molecules that are not otherwise separable. Under such conditions, the enantiomers form inclusion complexes of different stability with cyclodextrin (cf. 3.6). 

We have initiated a series of investigations to study the catalytic effects of a class of cationic polyelectrolytes ranging in solution behavior from "normal" polyions to polysoaps upon the alkaline hydrolysis of neutral and anionic phenyl esters of varying chain lengths. Employing these catalysts of varying hydrophylic-hydrophobic character in reactions of neutral and anionic substrates of varied hydrophilic-hydrophobic character, it should be possible to elucidate the contributions of both the hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic interactions on the rate of reaction. 

The unmodified and modified pillared clays, synthesized using amines or with mixed pillars, have an intermediate hydrophylic-hydrophobic character and thus have some potential for the removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons. In Figure 12, the adsorption isotherms of some hydrocarbons on different pillared clays are compared to the adsorption isotherm on Na-montmorillonite (79). In all cases, the adsorption capacity of the mixed Fe-/Zr-PILC is a factor 4 higher than that of the pure Fe-PILC. Besides the adsorption capacity, the isotherm type also changes. 

Okano T, Yamada N, Okuhara M et al. Mechanism of cell detachment from temperature-modulated, hydrophylic/hydrophobic polymer surfaces. Biomaterials 1995 16 297-303. 

Greek for liquid loving) sols. When water forms the dispersion medium, we speak of hydrophobic and hydrophilic sols.The terms lyopho-bic and lyophilic are often used to indicate to which extent a surface is moistened. Lyophobic surfaces can be made lyophilic and vice versa. A clean glass surface for instance is hydrophylic, but can be made hydrophobic by rubbing it with wax. Oils drops in water are hydrophobic, but become hydrophilic after you add a protein or a detergent (figure 5.2). 

Lynden-Bell RM, Rasaiah JC (1997) From hydrophobic to hydrophylic behaviour, A simulation study of solvation entropy and free energy of simple solutes. J. Chem Phys. 107 1981-1991... 

Figure 3. Three examples of templated synthesis of pseudorotaxanes. (a) Via hydrogen-bonding interactions [8] (b) hydrophobic/hydrophylic interactions [9] (c) metal-ligand interactions [2c],...

The location of the complex in respect with the membrane bilayer has been studied either with hydrophobic and hydrophilic probes, or with monospecific antibodies against single subunits. In general these studies have shown that both the M and H subunits are accessible on both sides of the membrane to hydrophylic reagents, while the L subunit can be labelled only on the periplasmic side [9]. On the other hand, labelhng with the hydrophobic marker 5-iodonaphthyl-l-azide, showed that the most heavily labelled, and therefore the most extensively exposed to an hydrophobic environment, are the L and M subunits [10,11]. 

T 3. Trostyanskaya, E. B., S. B. Makarova, T. A. Aptova, and I. N. Murash-Ko Hydrophobic and hydrophylic gels of different permeability prepared by copolymerisation of styrene with divinylbenzene. Vysokomolekul. Soedin. 7, 2083 (1965). 

The selected fiber-cation complexes were stirred into emulsions containing fatty acids and subsequently examined. Figure U illustrates the results where it may be seen that the ferric-fiber complex caused a clear separation of phases apparently due to an almost quantitative interaction between ferric-fiber and fatty acids. The ferric-fiber broke the emulsion, bound virtually all the fatty acid present in the system and floated to the top thus creating a clear solution. The aluminum-fiber caused only partial separation while the H+, Ca2+ and Fe2+ neutralized fibers did not separate or show any preference for the hydrophobic or hydrophylic phase and formed a homogeneous dispersion. 

The adsorption of wfAFP and PVP (25.0 pM) to a hydrophobic polystyrene surface was also observed (Fig. 4). Both of these inhibitors formed a porous, non-rigid film on the hydrophobic surface. It is noticeable that the adsorption of wfAFP onto the hydrophobic surface is completely different from that onto a hydrophyllic surface and the adsorption consists of two steps in which the adlayer film is much looser for the second step. 

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