Hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Molecular-Level Modeling of the Structure and Proton Transport within the Membrane Electrode Assembly of Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells... 

Source Based on Mahadevan, K. et al. 2007. Identification and characterization of near-term direct hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell markets. Battelle. http //wwwl. eere.energy.gOv/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/pemfc econ 2006 report final 0407.pdf (accessed May 29,2009). 

Ford Motor Company. (1997). Direct Ilydrogcn-Fuclcd Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications Hydrogen Vehicle... 

In the case of 50 kW power, the rate of hydrogen supply needed (LH) is around 1.69 X 103 (mol/h) at the energy-conversion-efficiency level of 45% for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM-FC) [38]. 

Catalytic Processes of Hydrogen Production for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell... 

The PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) is a fuel cell with a protonconducting fluorinated polymer as electrolyte. Figure 14.12 gives a schematic drawing of the PEMFC. At the anode, hydrogen is oxidized to protons. At the cathode, oxygen from air is reduced to water. The PEMFC is in development for various applications. 

Kim, C. S., Ghun, Y. G., Peck, D. H., and Shin, D. R. A novel process to fabricate membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 1998 23 1045-1048. 

DMFCs and direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are based on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM FC), where hydrogen is replaced by the alcohol, so that both the principles of the PEMFC and the direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC), in which the alcohol reacts directly at the fuel cell anode without any reforming process, will be discussed in this chapter. Then, because of the low operating temperatures of these fuel cells working in an acidic environment (due to the protonic membrane), the activation of the alcohol oxidation by convenient catalysts (usually containing platinum) is still a severe problem, which will be discussed in the context of electrocatalysis. One way to overcome this problem is to use an alkaline membrane (conducting, e.g., by the hydroxyl anion, OH ), in which medium the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions involved are faster than in an acidic medium, and then to develop the solid alkaline membrane fuel cell (SAMFC). 

Ford Motor Co., Direct-hydrogen-fueled proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system for transportation applications hydrogen vehicle safety report, D.T. Inc., ed., Arlington,VA (1997). 

An important possible future use for pure hydrogen is in proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) the basic source for the hydrogen could be either a hydrocarbon or an alcohol, either of which can be steam-reformed to produce water-gas.16,17 As explained above, the equilibrium concentration of carbon monoxide decreases as the temperature falls (Figure 10.1), but as little as 1% is detrimental to the operation of platinum-based catalysts in a fuel cell. Excess water, which is commonly used,18 serves to move the... 

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