Hydrogen peroxide properties

Aqueous hydrofluoric acid, uses for, 14 20 Aqueous hydrogen peroxide, properties of, 14 37t... 

Chem. Descrip. MEK peroxide in dimethyl phthalate Uses Curing agent for critical gel coals Features R uced level of hydrogen peroxide Properties Clear liq. act. oxygen (9%)... 

Uses Self-emulsifying base for stable hair-dye creamy preparations and dilutions with hydrogen peroxide Properties Flakes Use Level 30-45%... 

Uses Wetting and scouring agent for processing cellulose and cellulose/synthetic blends dispersant penetrant Features Stable to caustic, hydrogen peroxide Properties Lt. golden cl. liq sol. in water f p. < 32 F pH 7.5 1.0 Prechem NFE [Bayer/Industrial Chems./Textile ]... 

Hydrogen peroxide has both oxidising properties (when it is converted to water) and reducing properties (when it is converted to oxygen) the half-reactions are (acid solution) ... 

TetrabromobisphenoIA. Tetrabromobisphenol A [79-94-7] (TBBPA) is the largest volume bromiaated flame retardant. TBBPA is prepared by bromination of bisphenol A under a variety of conditions. When the bromination is carried out ia methanol, methyl bromide [74-80-9] is produced as a coproduct (37). If hydrogen peroxide is used to oxidize the hydrogen bromide [10035-10-6] HBr, produced back to bromine, methyl bromide is not coproduced (38). TBBPA is used both as an additive and as a reactive flame retardant. It is used as an additive primarily ia ABS systems, la ABS, TBBPA is probably the largest volume flame retardant used, and because of its relatively low cost is the most cost-effective flame retardant. In ABS it provides high flow and good impact properties. These benefits come at the expense of distortion temperature under load (DTUL) (39). DTUL is a measure of the use temperature of a polymer. TBBPA is more uv stable than decabrom and uv stable ABS resias based oa TBBPA are produced commercially. 

Table 2. Physical Properties of Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide...

Oxidation. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant. Most of its uses and those of its derivatives depend on this property. Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds, ranging from iodide ions to the various color bodies of unknown stmcture in ceUulosic fibers. The rate of these reactions may be quite slow or so fast that the reaction occurs on a reactive shock wave. The mechanisms of these reactions are varied and dependent on the reductive substrate, the reaction environment, and catalysis. Specific reactions are discussed in a number of general and other references (4,5,32—35). 

Because the reaction takes place in the Hquid, the amount of Hquid held in the contacting vessel is important, as are the Hquid physical properties such as viscosity, density, and surface tension. These properties affect gas bubble size and therefore phase boundary area and diffusion properties for rate considerations. Chemically, the oxidation rate is also dependent on the concentration of the anthrahydroquinone, the actual oxygen concentration in the Hquid, and the system temperature (64). The oxidation reaction is also exothermic, releasing the remaining 45% of the heat of formation from the elements. Temperature can be controUed by the various options described under hydrogenation. Added heat release can result from decomposition of hydrogen peroxide or direct reaction of H2O2 and hydroquinone (HQ) at a catalytic site (eq. 19). 

Hydrogen peroxide is used in many applications throughout a wide variety of industries. The principal use areas are shown in Table 9. Most ate based on the oxidizing properties of hydrogen peroxide. Some are derived from substitution, decomposition, or the formation of perhydrates. 

Ca.ro s Acid. Caro s acid is named after Heinrich Caro (1834—1910), who first described its preparation and oxidi2ing properties ia 1898. Hereia Caro s acid is used to designate the equiUbrium mixtures that result from mixing hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid. These Hquids mix iastantly, generating a considerable amount of heat. The equiUbrium constant for this reaction is 0.1 (62). 

Chemical Properties. The most significant chemical property of L-ascorbic acid is its reversible oxidation to dehydro-L-ascorbic acid. Dehydro-L-ascorbic acid has been prepared by uv irradiation and by oxidation with air and charcoal, halogens, ferric chloride, hydrogen peroxide, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, neutral potassium permanganate, selenium oxide, and many other compounds. Dehydro-L-ascorbic acid has been reduced to L-ascorbic acid by hydrogen iodide, hydrogen sulfide, 1,4-dithiothreitol (l,4-dimercapto-2,3-butanediol), and the like (33). 

Chemical Properties. Potassium cyanide is readily oxidized to potassium cyanate [590-28-3] by heating in the presence of oxygen or easily reduced oxides, such as those of lead or tin or manganese dioxide, and in aqueous solution by reaction with hypochlorites or hydrogen peroxide. 

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