Hydrogen, operation-generated

Fig. 23.2 Isolators used for sterility testing. The operator works within the hood which is suspended inside the cubicle the hydrogen peroxide generator which is used to sterilize the isolators is shown in the left foreground. (Courtesy of SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals.)...

Cyanide reduction with hydrogen peroxide is effective in reducing cyanide. It has been applied on a less frequent basis within this industry, due to the fact that there are high operating costs associated with hydrogen peroxide generation. The reduction of cyanide with peroxide occurs in two steps and yields C02 and ammonia ... 

A SOFC usually operates at temperatures between 800°C (1,472°F) and 1,000°C (1,832°F). It has major advantages such as high power density (typically 200-2,000 mW/cm2), fuel flexibility and the possibility of internal reforming. The latter means hydrogen is generated in the anode volume basically on its porous surface by steam reforming (SR) of, for example, methane (MSR)... 

On the other hand, when solar electricity is insufficient and needs to be supplemented, the RFC is switched into the fuel cell mode of operation where the oxidation of one mol of hydrogen will generate 237.1 kj/mol of electrical energy plus 48.7 kj/mol of thermal energy. This waste heat can also be used for heating buildings or for preheating boiler feedwater. 

Steam generator PGN-200M (model of the BN-600 reactor steam generator) has been in operation generating steam for 15 160 hours. It was decommissioned because of inter-circuit leak. This leak was revealed by detectors of hydrogen in the argon cover gas of pressure compensatory tank. Studies have revealed ingress of 3 kg of water into the secondary sodium... 

The main identified risks for these operations are the possible escape of sodium (with fire risk — although the sodium is low-temperature which reduces this risk), and the hydrogen risk generated by the transformation into caustic soda. A safety report evaluating these risks in detail and the counter-measures implemented to reduce their occurrence and consequences has been prepared in order to obtain the necessary authorizations from the DSEM. 

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