Hydrogen future markets

The focus on the start-up phase of a hydrogen infrastructure, by taking into account uncertainties of future market development over the step-by-step optimisation (myopic approach) and the influence of single production plants (using integer variables), thus allowing economies of scale to play out. 

There have been several recent studies that present scenarios for the future market adoption of hydrogen vehicles and the resulting demand for hydrogen in the United... 

HAMPTON CORNEIL has been a senior advisor for Exxon Enterprises Inc., an affiliate responsible for developing diversification opportunities for Exxon. Since 1975, he has been concerned with opportunities in energy conversion and storage. As a part of this effort, he has conducted various studies concerned with future markets for hydrogen. 

Figures E. 1 through E.3 illustrate the three matrices used in the exercise described in Chapter Four. Each figure displays the impact of one of three approaches to hydrogen policy— market-only, moderate, and aggressive—and the level of impact for various investment and policy goals given the four future scenarios described in Chapter Four. Forum groups color-coded the matrices to indicate their ideas about likely outcomes. The matrices are reproduced here in grayscale.

As there are currently no retail markets for either hydrogen transportation fuel or fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), any discussion of such markets necessarily prospects the future. Such a task is inherently uncertain—many forecasts have been wrong even in mature markets. We undertake this risky enterprise by framing the discussion of future markets for hydrogen and FCVs around two questions. First, what is the history and future of mobility Second, within this future, why would anyone buy an FCV ... 

The Hydrogen Futures Simulation Model was developed as an educational and policy tool to help users understand the various pathways and trade-offs associated with those pathways. H2Sim compares various production, storage, distribution, and end use technologies in 2020, an oft-mentioned time frame for when fuel cells and other hydrogen technologies may be mature enough for market deployment. 

Fuel cell hydrogen cars are not ready for the market but they represent another element in favor of electrification, that makes its future marketing possible as an alternative or in parallel with hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and battery-powered EVs. Therefore, at least three large families of products should be considered hybrid vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs) onboard, EVs powered by batteries recharged from outlets, and fuel cell hydrogen vehicles. 

AND 12] Anderson E., Recent advances in PEM electrolysis and their implications for hydrogen energy markets . Symposium Water Electrolysis and Hydrogen as Part of the Future Renewable Energy System, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 2012. 

The PBMR, the GT-MHR, the GTHTR300 (Annex XVI) and the AHTR (Annex XXVI) target a very high temperature reactor option, which could make them competitive in future markets of non-electric applications, such as hydrogen production. 

Conclusively, hydrogen has been used and stored safely in the industry for quite a long time as compressed gas or liquefied hydrogen, and it seems that metal hydride storage will be equally safe or even safer. Consideration of future hydrogen applications reveals no safety problems in the industrial and commercial markets. Although hydrogen safety... 

An OECD study identifies several barriers for a new technology to penetrate the market (OECD, 2002). These are lack of awareness, cognitive dissonance, lack of concern for future generations, fear of and resistance to change and, finally, lack of adequate professional advice. Each of these barriers must be countered with special measures if the acceptance for a new technology, in this case hydrogen, is to be increased. 

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