Renewables hydrogen from

Hydrogen can be potentially produced from renewable sources, thus enabling the intermittent and excess power generated to be stored for applications in transport, homes, and businesses, thereby making off-grid wind and solar sources economic. However, it must be noted, that commercial applications of these concepts are fairly limited at best or nonexistent at worst, and many decades of research and development may be necessary to solve the technical hurdles for application in a large-scale fashion. 

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Demirbas, M. F., Technological options for producing hydrogen from renewable resources. Energy Sources, Part A Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 2006, 28(13), 1215-1223. 

Compressed hydrogen from renewable electricity in combination with fuel-cell cars can achieve fuel costs close to today s costs of taxed conventional gasoline and diesel cars, less overall GHG emissions, but at considerably higher costs, at least in the short term. 

The hydrogen production mix is very sensitive to the country-specific context and strongly influenced by the assumed feedstock prices resource availability and policy support also play a role, in particular for hydrogen from renewable and nuclear energy. 

These systems offer the opportunity to produce hydrogen from renewable resources in the mid-term (five to ten years). Using agricultural residues and wastes, or biomass specifically grown for energy uses, hydrogen can be produced using a variety of processes. 

Barbir F (2005) PEM electrolysis for production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Sol Energy 78 661-669... 

Hydrogen from renewable sources (using electrolysis)... 

There are many paths that can be used to produce hydrogen from renewables ... 

Hydrogen from renewable electricity sources (wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, wave) through electrolysis... 

Table 2 shows some of the strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats for producing hydrogen from renewables. 

Our preliminary economic analysis of the chemical hydride slurry cycle indicates that hydrogen can be produced for 3.65/GJ ( 3.85/MMBtu) based on a carbon cost of 1.35/GJ ( 1.42/MMBtu) and a plant sized to serve a million cars per day. This compares to current costs of approximately 5.75/GJ ( 6.06/MMBtu) to produce hydrogen from 2.85/GJ ( 3.00/MMBtu) natural gas, and 24.50/GJ ( 25.83/MMBtu) to produce hydrogen by electrolysis from 0.05 per kWh electricity. The present standard for production of hydrogen from renewable energy is photovoltaic-electrolysis at 41.80/GJ ( 44.07/MMBtu). Costs have been derived from Padro (1999). 

Degiorgis L, Santarelli M, Cali M, (2007). Hydrogen from renewable energy a pilot plant for thermal production and mobility. Journal of Power Sources 171 237-246 European Commission, (1997). Development of the PV-diesel system in Rambla del Agua, Spain. THERMIE SE/218/95NL-DE-ES... 

Proton has been involved in a number of successful demonstration projects for making hydrogen from renewable resources, including solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, and wind. Figure 8-5 shows one of our... 

Electrolyzer designs historically have emerged from particular industries. Their design parameters and requirements are quite different than what is needed to produce hydrogen from renewable energy sources. That said, there is a lot that can be learned from electrolyzer development over the years, but there is plenty of room for electrolyzer innovation, especially for those designed to operate with renewable energy power sources. 

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