Distributed hydrogen production

Chapter 12 discusses and analyses the different options for hydrogen distribution -pipelines and trailers (including liquefaction) - from a technical and economic point of view, in the same way as the hydrogen production technologies in Chapter 10. Further, different hydrogen refuelling station concepts are described and the necessity for the development of codes and standards addressed. 

Fig. 14.3 shows schematically how the hydrogen infrastructure options - comprising the whole supply chain of hydrogen from production (central or onsite), via transport and distribution to the (implementation of) refuelling stations - are modelled in MOREHyS. It has to be noted, that from the point of view of model implementation, transport refers to the transportation of hydrogen between different areas, while distribution is defined as the transportation of hydrogen within the... 

When the supply to the electricity and transportation sectors is jointly taken into consideration, one is led to conclude that the energy supply diversity is best served by allowing green electricity to maximally penetrate the electricity sector and simultaneously swing the deployment of NG and coal to instead serve the transportation sector. (Note that there may well be synergies between hydrogen fuel production and clean power production. These will be briefly touched upon in Section 15.6 for coal below.) The extent to which one thereby accommodates the objective of C02 emissions reduction depends on the mode of hydrogen production and distribution, and the extent to which it enables carbon capture and sequestration. To a discussion thereof we now turn. 

Natural Gas Autothermal Reforming an Effective Option for a Sustainable Distributed Production of Hydrogen... 

By 2010, reduce the cost of distributed production of hydrogen from natural gas and/or liquid fuels to 1.50/kg (delivered, untaxed) at the pump (without carbon sequestration). 

Miniaturization might also be used in the distributed production of chemicals. Two examples include the safe production of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen or the production of chemicals or fuels from synthesis gas. More detailed study into the potential improvements in product yields, waste minimization, and costs are required to fully understand the impact of miniaturization. At this time it offers the potential to produce hazardous materials or conduct potentially dangerous oxidation reactions on a small scale that is inherently safer. 

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