Hydrogen clilorid

Material Moist, e.g.. chlorine below dew point F)ry, e.g., fluorine above dew point Hydrogen halides, dry,J e.g., dry hydrogen cliloride, F Available forms Cold formability in wronglit and clad form Weldability Maximum strength annejiled condition x 1000 Ib/in- Coefficient of thermal expansion, millionths per F, 70-212 F Remarks ... 

Class 2 Gases sucli as clilorine, hydrogen bronride, hydrogen cliloride, liydrogen fluoride, liydrogen sulfide, phosgene, sulfur dioxide. 

Using cuprous cliloride as catalyst, hydrogen cliloride adds to acetylene, giving 2-chloro-l,3-butadiene [126-99-8], cliloroprene, C4H5Q, the monomer for neoprene rubber. 

Vinyl Chloride and Vinylidene Chloride, hi the presence of mercuric salts, hydrogen cliloride adds to acetylene giving vinyl cliloride... 

Once the principal route to vinyl cliloride, in all but a few percent of current U.S. capacity tliis has been replaced by dehydrocliloiination of ethylene dicliloiide. A combined process in which hydrogen cliloride cracked horn ethylene dicliloride was added to acetylene was advantageous but it is rarely used because processes to oxidize hydrogen cliloride to clilorine with air or oxygen are cheaper (7) (see Vinyl POLYMERS). 

The hydroxyl groups can be alkylated in the usual manner. Hydroxyalkyl ethers may be prepared wifli alkylene oxides and cliloromethyl ethers by reaction with formaldehyde and hydrogen cliloride (86). The terminal chlorides can be easily converted to additional ether groups. 

The practical problems lie in the separation of the clilorine from the hydrogen cliloride and nitrous gases. The dilute nitric acid must be reconcentrated and corrosion problems are severe. Suggested improvements include oxidation of concentrated solutions of clilorides, eg, LiQ, by nitrates, followed by separation of clilorine from nitrosyl cliloride by distillation at 135°C, or oxidation by a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids, separating the... 

Class 2 Gases such as chlorine, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen cliloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulHde, phosgene, sulfur dioxide. 

This method is used to prepare the derivatives shown in the following table, and the results of decomposing them with alcoholic hydrogen cliloride and alcoholic mercuric chloride are given — ... 

An alternative method of conducting the preparation consists in treating 100 g. of eyclohexanol with 250 ml. of concentrate hydrochloric acid, refluxing slowly whito a stream of hydrogen cliloride gas is passed into the mechanically stirred... 

It has been frequently noted that certain lots of iron filings are not satisfactory for the reduction of heptaldehyde to heptyl alcohol in acetic acid solution. E. E. Reld and J. R. Ruhoff have found that the addition of a solution of 20 g. of nickel cliloride hexahydrate in 50 cc. of water immediately after the addition of the aldehyde will cause the reaction to start at once and wiU greatly accelerate the rate of reaction so that it is complete in two hours instead of the usual six to seven hours. The checkers have found this to be the case even with a lot of iron which could not be made to react when reduced in hydrogen. It is also recommended that the reaction mixture be divided between two 12-I. flasks and that 3 1. of water be added to each half immediately at the end of the reaction. This prevents the mixture from setting to a hard mass in case the steam distillation is not carried out at once, and also reduces the amount of foaming. 

Thiony] cliloride readily converts butanediol to 1,4-diclilorobutane [110-56-5] (130) and hydrogen bromide gives 1,4-dibromobutane [110-52-1]... 

An intimate mixture of the ore with chalk and sodium chloride or calcium cliloride, or with calcium chloride alone, is heated to about 600" to 700 C. or the ore may be first fused with sodium hydrogen sulphate, and then with lime or a calcium salt. The residue is powdered and treated witli boiling concentrated hydrochloric acid, wliich decomposes the tungstate with precipitation of tungsten trioxide. 

Uranium Trichloride, UCI3, may be obtained by heating uranous cliloride in hydrogen. It is a reddish-brown substance which readily... 

Mobile phase Buffer containing 25 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 25 mM dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 50 mM potassium cliloride, pH ca. 6.8 Flowrate 1 Injection volume 10... 

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