Hydrogen carbonate-carbonic acid

SYNS ACID AMMONIUM CARBONATE AMMONIUM CARBONATE AMMONIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE CARBONIC ACID, MONOAMMONIUM SALT MONOAMMONTUM CARBONATE... 

Ammonium biborate. See Ammonium borate Ammonium bicarbonate CAS 1066-33-7 EINECS/ELINCS 213-911-5 UN NA 9081 (DOT) INS503(ii) E503 Synonyms Acid ammonium carbonate Ammonium bicarbonate (1 1) Ammonium carbonate Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Carbonic acid monoammonium salt Monoammonium carbonate Classification Inorganic salt Empirical CH2O3 H3N Formula NH4HCO3... 

Besides this there appeared as decomposition products hydrogen, carbonic acid, butylene, and the butyl ester of valeric acid. 

The amount of carbonic acid present, undissociated or dissociated, is only about 1 of the total concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide. Carbonic acid, in l especi of its dissociation into hydrogen and hydrogencarbonate ions, is actually a stronger acid than acetic acid the dissociation constant is ... 

To absolution of 1.00 mol of ethyl lithium in 800-900 ml of diethyl ether (see Chapter II, Exp. 1) was added, with cooling between -20 and -10°C, 0.50 nol of dry propargyl alcohol, dissolved in 100 ml of diethyl ether. Subsequently 1.1 mol of trimethylchlorosilane was introduced over a period of 25 min with cooling between -15 and +5°C. After stirring for an additional 2 h at about 30°C the suspension was poured into a solution of 30 g of acetic acid in 150 ml of water. After stirring for 1 h at room temperature the layers were separated and the aqueous layer v/as extracted four times with diethyl ether. The combined ethereal solutions were washed with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution in order to neutralize acetic acid, and were then dried over magnesium sulfate. The diethyl ether was removed by evaporation in a water-pump vacuum and the residue distilled... 

Thiazole disulfides are reported to yield quantitatively A-4-thiazoline-2-thiones under treatment with zinc powder in acetic acid (326). The disulfide bond can be broken on heating at 100 to 260°C and (or) by alkali. This property has been used for photographic emulsions (327). The disulfide (136) (R = 4-(D-arabmo-tetrahydroxybutyD can be cleaved readily by aqueous sodium hydroxyde. carbonate, or hydrogen carbonate (149) to give 135 a by-product, 4-(D-arabino-ietrahydroxybutyl) thiazole... 

Many important biochemical reactions involve Lewis acid Lewis base chemistry Carbon dioxide is rapidly converted to hydrogen carbonate ion m the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase... 

Another alternative involves the use of a weak acid cation exchanger in the hydrogen form. This resin is not capable of removing aH cations. It removes only the amount equivalent to the bicarbonate in the influent water. The acidity in the effluent stream is carbonic acid [463-79-6] which can be eliminated by installing a degasifter. 

Ammonium bicarbonate, also known as ammonium hydrogen carbonate or ammonium acid carbonate, is easily formed. However, it decomposes below its melting point, dissociating into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water. If this process is carefully controlled, these compounds condense to reform ammonium bicarbonate. The vapor pressures of dry ammonium bicarbonate are shown below (7). (To convert kPa to mm Hg, multiply by 7.5.)... 

Tin does not react directly with nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, or gaseous ammonia. Sulfur dioxide, when moist, attacks tin. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine readily react with tin with fluorine, the action is slow at room temperature. The halogen acids attack tin, particularly when hot and concentrated. Hot sulfuric acid dissolves tin, especially in the presence of oxidizers. Although cold nitric acid attacks tin only slowly, hot concentrated nitric acid converts it to an insoluble hydrated stannic oxide. Sulfurous, chlorosulfuric, and pyrosulfiiric acids react rapidly with tin. Phosphoric acid dissolves tin less readily than the other mineral acids. Organic acids such as lactic, citric, tartaric, and oxaUc attack tin slowly in the presence of air or oxidizing substances. 

The hydrogen ion flux that is provided by carbonic acid dissociation also can attack calcite (CaCO ) ... 

Dry reduced nickel catalyst protected by fat is the most common catalyst for the hydrogenation of fatty acids. The composition of this type of catalyst is about 25% nickel, 25% inert carrier, and 50% soHd fat. Manufacturers of this catalyst include Calsicat (Mallinckrodt), Harshaw (Engelhard), United Catalysts (Sud Chemie), and Unichema. Other catalysts that stiH have some place in fatty acid hydrogenation are so-called wet reduced nickel catalysts (formate catalysts), Raney nickel catalysts, and precious metal catalysts, primarily palladium on carbon. The spent nickel catalysts are usually sent to a broker who seUs them for recovery of nickel value. Spent palladium catalysts are usually returned to the catalyst suppHer for credit of palladium value. 

Methylene chloride is easily reduced to methyl chloride and methane by alkaU metal ammonium compounds in Hquid ammonia. When the vapor is contacted with reduced nickel at 200°C in the presence of excess hydrogen, hydrogen chloride and elementary carbon are produced. Heating with alcohoHc ammonia at 100—125°C results in hexamethylenetetramine, (CH2) N4, a heterocycHc compound with aqueous ammonia at 200°C, hydrogen chloride, formic acid, and methylamine are produced. 

It resembles tetracyanoethylene in that it adds reagents such as hydrogen (31), sulfurous acid (31), and tetrahydrofuran (32) to the ends of the conjugated system of carbon atoms suffers displacement of one or two cyano groups by nucleophilic reagents such as amines (33) or sodiomalononittile (34) forms TT-complexes with aromatic compounds (35) and takes an electron from iodide ion, copper, or tertiary amines to form an anion radical (35,36). The anion radical has been isolated as salts of the formula (TCNQ) where is a metal or ammonium cation, and n = 1, 1.5, or 2. Some of these salts have... 

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