Hydrodenitrogenation hydrocracking

Trickle-bed reactors usually consist of a fixed bed of catalyst particles, contacted by a gas liquid two-phase flow, with co-current downflow as the most common mode of operation. Such reactors are particularly important in the petroleum industry, where they are used primarily for hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodenitrogenation other commercial applications are found in the petrochemical industry, involving mainly hydrogenation and oxidation of organic compounds. Two important quantities used to characterize a trickle-bed reactor are... 

In a number of petrochemical processes, a gas (hydrogen) is present as reactant. In hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrocracking (HC), and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), the reaction products H2S and ammonia, respectively, are known to decrease the catalyst activity, but are partly transferred to the gas phase. Therefore, also these processes profit from reactive stripping. 

Figure 5.9. Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) activity of NEBULA-1 compared with KF 848 NiMo STARS catalysts (R-l hydrocracking pretreat activity 2000psig, 5000SCF/B).104...

Catalytic hydroprocessing is designed to reduce the molecular size of molecules via hydrocracking (HC) and to remove unwanted heteroatoms by hydrodesulphurisation (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodemetallation (HDM). 

Tungsten alloyed with nickel, cobalt, or rhodium in thin layers on alumina supports, also sulfided, is used on an industrial scale as a catalyst in crude oil processing (hydrotreating, hydrocracking, reforming, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrodenitrogenation), as well as in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (alcohol formation from CO + H2). 

The name trickle-bed reactor is usually applied in reference to a fixed bed in which a liquid phase and a gas phase flow concurrently throughout a bed of catalyst. By far the most important application, and hence much of the work, on these reactors has been in the hydrotreating of heavy feedstocks in the petroleum industry (hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation). However, this seems a very versatile processing method, and has not been exploited nearly to its potential in other areas such as waste water treatment—at least as the scientific literature would indicate. 

Thus, these expanded clays have the thermal stability required of materials used in the preparation of catalysts for certain hydrocarbon conversion reactions, such as hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodemetallation, and the hydrocracking of oil fractions. 

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