Hydrocyclones liquid-cyclones

Hydrocyclones are used for solid-liquid separations as well as for solids classification, and liquid-liquid separation. It is a centrifugal device with a stationary wall, the centrifugal force being generated by the liquid motion. The operating principle is basically the same as that 

The nomographs by Zanker can be used to make a preliminary estimate of the size of cyclone needed. The specialist manufacturers of hydrocyclone equipment should be consulted to determine the best arrangements and design for a particular application. 

Estimate the size of hydrocyclone needed to separate 90 per cent of particles with a diameter greater than 20 pm, from 10 m3/h of a dilute slurry. 

Physical properties solid density 2000 kg/m3, liquid density 1000 kg/m3, viscosity 1 mN s/m2 

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Cyclones can be used for the classification of solids, as well as for liquid-solid, and liquid-liquid separations. The design and application of liquid cyclones (hydrocyclones) is discussed in Section 10.4.4. A typical unit is shown in Figure 10.3. 

These equations with the operating parameters give the performance characteristics of a specific hydrocyclone design. A similar series of equations can also be used to describe the performance of gas cyclones of different, geometrically similar design. Gas and liquid cyclones are also often used for size classification in grinding circuits. 

Cyclones designed for use with liquids are referred to as hydrocyclones, hydraulic cyclones or hydroclones. The basic principle employed to effect either concentration or classification of the solids is centrifugal sedimentation, caused by introducing the feed suspension tangentially into the unit they are particularly attractive for many applications because they have no moving parts. Specific aspects of design are provided by Svarovsky (1984). 

Tongeniioii Liquid-SoUds Cyclone (Hydrocyclones) Separators... 

Centrifugal force can also be used to separate solid particles from fluids by inducing the fluid to undergo a rotating or spiraling flow pattern in a stationary vessel (e.g., a cyclone) that has no moving parts. Cyclones are widely used to remove small particles from gas streams ( aerocyclones ) and suspended solids from liquid streams ( hydrocyclones ). 

In this section, the general design of the hydrocyclone and its application in the grading of solid particles, or their separation from a liquid, is considered and then the special features required in hydrocyclones required for the separation of immiscible liquids will be addressed. The use of cyclones for separating suspended particles from gases is discussed in Section 1.6.2. 

A screw conveyor feeds through a cooled downpipe the electrically heated quartz-reactor which has a diameter of 5 cm and a fluidizing zone of up to 8 cm. The fluidizing gas is about 500 1/h of either nitrogen or circulated cracker gas. A cyclone separates solids from the hot pyrolysis gas stream an electrostatic precipitator and a system of intensive coolers and hydrocyclones condense the liquid portions of the cracked products, The non-condensable pyrolysis-gases are measured. 

To separate solids having about the same density but with a range of partide size, separate based on cut diameter and use air or liquid classifiers such as cyclones, hydrocyclones or spiral classifiers Particle size 25-2000 [xm feed solids concentration 5 to 40%. Cut diameter is the particle diameter that has equal chance to report to either the overflow or the underflow streams. 

Hydrocyclone Hydraulic device for separating suspended solid particles from liquids by centrifugal action. Cyclone action splits the inlet flow, a small part of which exits via the lower cone, the remainder overflowing the top of the cylindrical section. Particles are separated according to their densities so that the denser particles exit via the cone underflow and less dense particles exit with the overflow. 

A hydrocyclone is a device employing centrifugal separation without the need for mechanically moving parts, other than a punq). They are cheap, conq)act and versatile as a means of solid-liquid separation. It is similar in operation to a centrifuge, but with much larger values of g -force (ranging from 800 g in a 300 mm diameter cyclone to 50 000 g in a 10 mm diameter cyclone). This force is, however, applied over a much... 

The liquid-solid hydrocyclone, shown schematically in Fig. 3.4-3, functions like a gas-solid cyclone. The hydrocyclone is also known as a hydroclone. The primary independent parameters that influence the ability of a hydrocyclone to make a separation are size and geometry of the hydrocyclone, particle size and geometry, solids loading, inlet velocity, split between overflow and underflow, density differential, and liquid viscosity. A reasonable estimate of Ae particle cut diameter (50% in underflow and overflow) d o) is given by the following dimensionless relationship, developed initially by Bradley ... 

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