Hydrocarbons methods

EPA. 1982. Chlorinated hydrocarbons - method 612. Cincinnati, OH U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory 1-7. 

Method 5520D wastewater hydrocarbons. Method D is the method of choice when relatively polar, heavy petroleum fractions are present, or when the levels of nonvolatile greases may challenge the solubility of the solvent. 

One particular method is designed to characterize Ce to C28+ petroleum hydrocarbons in soil as a series of aliphatic and aromatic carbon range fractions. The extraction methodology differs from other petroleum hydrocarbon methods because it uses n-pentane, not methylene chloride, as the extraction solvent. If methylene chloride is used as the extraction solvent, aliphatic and aromatic compounds cannot be separated. 

Additional problems with total petroleum hydrocarbons methods (including method 418.1) include the following ... 

U.S. EPA test method polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons—Method 610, Eed. Regist., 44, 233, 1979. 

EPA. 1991c. Method 602 - Purgeable aromatics Method 610 - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons Method 625 - Base/neutrals and acids. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 136, Appendix A. 

Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Method 610). The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are analyzed by HPLC by using a reverse-phase HC-ODS Sil-X column with UV and fluorescence detectors in series. The option to use FID-GC is given. The column is 1.8-ft X 2-mm i.d. containing Chromosorb W-AW-DCMS coated with 3% OV-17. It is operated isothermally at 100 °C for 4 min and then programmed at 8 °C/min to 280 °C. 

Sulfones are often produced as by-products in the sulfonation of aromatic hydrocarbons (method 540). Aromatic hydrocarbons react with sulfonic acids less readily than with sulfuric acid. The success of the reaction depends upon the removal of the water as it is formed. An automatic water separator is used in the conversion of a refluxing mixture of benzene and sulfuric acid to diphenyl sulfone (80%). A similar technique has been employed in the preparation of unsymmetrical sulfones. 

Many heterocyclic compounds are made from aldehydes and ketones by reduction procedures which have been applied in the synthesis of hydrocarbons (method 3). Typical examples are considered here. 

U. L. Nilsson, C. E. Ostman, Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Method of analysis and their occurrence in urban air. Environ. Sci. Technol, 27 (1993), 1826-1831. 

ISO 13877 (1998) Soil Quality - Determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons - Method using high-performance liquid chromatography. 

The third grouping of papers (Chapters 18-24) describes both pilot plants and commercial units for the pyrolyses of various hydrocarbons. Methods of collecting reliable data, correlating the data, and eventually designing commercial units are all discussed. 

Nilsson, U.L., Ostman, C.E., 1993. Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic-Hydrocarbons -Method of Analysis and Their Occurrence in Urban Air. Environ Sci Technol 27, 1826-1831. 

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