Hydrocarbons acyclic saturated

Figure 4a Summary of the reactions of rhenium atoms with acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. Rhenium atoms were co-condensed with the indicated substrates at -196 °C. (i) Ethane (ii) Propane (iii) n-Butane (iv) Neopentane (v) 2-Methylpropane and (vi) Tetramethylsilane.

In contrast to the other large cats, the urine of the cheetah, A. jubatus, is practically odorless to the human nose. An analysis of the organic material from cheetah urine showed that diglycerides, triglycerides, and free sterols are possibly present in the urine and that it contains some of the C2-C8 fatty acids [95], while aldehydes and ketones that are prominent in tiger and leopard urine [96] are absent from cheetah urine. A recent study [97] of the chemical composition of the urine of cheetah in their natural habitat and in captivity has shown that volatile hydrocarbons, aldehydes, saturated and unsaturated cyclic and acyclic ketones, carboxylic acids and short-chain ethers are compound classes represented in minute quantities by more than one member in the urine of this animal. Traces of 2-acetylfuran, acetaldehyde diethyl acetal, ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfone, formanilide, and larger quantities of urea and elemental sulfur were also present in the urine of this animal. Sulfur was found in all the urine samples collected from male cheetah in captivity in South Africa and from wild cheetah in Namibia. Only one organosulfur compound, dimethyl disulfide, is present in the urine at such a low concentration that it is not detectable by humans [97]. 

The stem names are derived from the names of hydrocarbons. Acyclic and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) in the range C1-C12 are listed in Table 1.2. 

Alkane an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon Alkene an acyclic hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond... 

The names of saturated monocyclic hydrocarbons (with no side chains) are formed by attaching the prefix cyclo to the name of the acyclic saturated unbranched hydrocarbon with the same number of carbon atoms. The generic name of saturated monocyclic hydrocarbons (with or without side chains) is cycloalkane . 

Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons (contain only single bonds) cycloalkanes are similar but have carbon rings. 

For an organic compound the first step is usually to find the molecular formula, probably from the mass spectrum, and to calculate the number of double bond equivalents (DBEs). An acyclic saturated hydrocarbon has the formula where M = 2N+2. Each double bond or ring in the molecule reduces the value of M by two. So if M = 2N the molecule has one DBE we cannot tell from the formula whether it is in the form of a ring or unsaturation. A benzene ring corresponds to 4 DBEs three double bonds and a ring. The presence of oxygen or other divalent elements does not affect the value of M. Each monovalent atom such as chlorine can be treated as a proton for the purpose of calculation, while one proton has to be subtracted for each trivalent atom such as nitrogen. 

The total number of rings and/or it bonds can be calculated from the molecular formula, bearing in mind that in an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon the number of hydrogens is 2n -I- 2, where n is the number of carbon atoms. 

The symmetry factor was used in the expression of the entropy of acyclic saturated hydrocarbons proposed by Pitzer in terms of molecular constants by enumerating the partition functions for the molecular motions [Pitzer, 1940 Pitzer and Scott, 1941]. It is defined as ... 

Narumi, H. and Hosoya, H. (1980). Topological Index and Thermodynamics Properties. II. Analysis of Topological Factors on the Absolute Entropy of Acyclic Saturated Hydrocarbons. Bull. Chem.Soc.Jap., 53,1228-1237. 

Randic, M. (1998b). On Structural Ordering and Branching of Acyclic Saturated Hydrocarbons. J.Math.Chem.,24,345-358. 

Hexane means a commercial product consisting essentially of acyclic saturated hydrocarbons containing six carbon atoms and distfiling between 64°C and 70°C. The combined use of Hexane and Ethylmethylketone is forbidden. 

Narumi, H. and Hosoya, H. (1985) Topological index and thermodynamics properties. III. Classification of various topological aspects of properties of acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jap., 58, 1778-1786. 

The hydrocarbons fraction can be separated into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon subtractions, again on the basis of the greater polarity of the aromatics. Traditionally, the aliphatic hydrocarbons (or saturates) are described in terms of their paraffinic (acyclic alkane) and naphthenic (cycloalkane) content. Strictly, the term hydrocarbon should only be applied to compounds containing H and C atoms, but there are usually other compounds present in the hydrocarbons fraction isolated by simple chromatographic procedures that contain an atom of S, O or N (generally in the aromatics subtraction). 

Paraffins - Obsolescent term for saturated hydrocarbons, commonly but not necessarily acyclic. Still widely used in the petrochemical industry, where the term designates acyclic saturated hydrocarbons, and stands in contradistinction to naphthenes. [5]... 

To convert the formula of an open-chain, saturated hydrocarbon to a formula containing Group V elements (N, P, As, Sb, Bi), one additional hydrogen atom must be added to the molecular formula for each such Group V element present. In the following examples, each formula is correct for a two-carbon acyclic, saturated compound. 

The general name for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons is alkanes. The -ane ending is used for all saturated hydrocarbons. This is important to remember because later other endings will be used for other functional groups. 

The path matrix, denoted by P, has been introduced by Randid (1991a Randid and Trinajstid, 1993) and used by Randid for structural ordering and branching of acyclic saturated hydrocarbons (Randid, 1997a, 1997b, 1998). 

The alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbons, and the cycloalkanes are cyclic saturated hydrocarbons. The simplest hydrocarbon, an alkane called methane, consists of one carbon atom to which four hydrogen atoms are bonded in a tetrahedral arrangement. You can represent methane by its molecular formula, CH4, which gives the number and kind of atoms in the molecule, or by its structural formula, which shows how the atoms are bonded to one another... 

The alkanes are acyclic, saturated hydrocarbons that form a homologous series of compounds, with the general formula C H2 +2, The cycloalkanes are cyclic, saturated hydrocarbons that form another homologous series with the general formula C H2 in which the carbon atoms are joined in a ring. The... 

Alkane an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon a saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula C H2 +2. (24.2)... 

Saturated hydrocarbon a hydrocarbon that has only single bonds between carbon atoms all carbon atoms are bonded to the maximum number of hydrogen atoms (that is, the hydrocarbon is saturated with hydrogen). A saturated hydrocarbon molecule can be cycHc or acychc. See cyclic hydrocarbon and acyclic hydrocarbon. (24.1)... 

H6xane (acyclic saturated hydrocarbons containing 6 carbon atoms - distillation range 64°C-70°C)... 

We see that acyclic saturated hydrocarbons become more hydrophobic as the carbon chain length increases. This trend can be rationahzed by Adisshf becoming more positive and A issS more negative as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases. 

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