Hydrazones carbonyl compounds from

Regeneration of carbonyl compounds from the hydrazones (75-98%) [53] and from semicarbazones (55-90 %) [54] has also been achieved with bismuth trichloride. 

Regeneration of carbonyl compounds from certain derivatives. Ketones can be recovered in satisfactory yield from the phenylhydrazones, p-nitrophenyl-hydrazones, tosylhydrazoncs, oximes, and semicarhazones by reaction with 1 equivalent of (C6H,Se0)20. 2,4-Dinilrophenylhydrazones and N,N-dimethyl-hydrazones arc inert under even rather vigorous conditions. The reagent can also be used to regenerate aldehydes from oximes or tosylhydrazones. 

Oxidative cleavage of hydrazones. Carbonyl compounds can be regenerated from 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones, tosylhydrazones, or N-methyl-N-tosylhydra-zones in 80-95% yield by oxidation with sodium nitrite in TFA or HOAc (0-5°, 1-2 hours). In the case of tosylhydrazones, the other product of cleavage has been identified as tosyl azide, the product of reaction of tosylhydrazine with nitrous acid. 

Table 1 Reagents for Regeneration of Carbonyl Compounds from Ketone and Aldehyde Hydrazones...

Many other reagents have been used to cleave hydrazones and to regenerate carbonyl groups. Table 1 lists some of these other examples of procedures to regenerate carbonyl compounds from their N,N-d -alkylhydrazones. 

Regeneration of Carbonyl Compounds from Oximes, Hydrazones, Semicarbazones, Acetals, 1,1-Diacetates, 1,3-Dithiolanes, 1,3-Dithianes, and 1,3-Oxathiolanes ... 

Chlorination. Amides and carbamates undergo iV-chlorination by NaCl-Oxone. Under the same conditions, oximes afford a-chloro nitroalkanes. - When the chlorine source is absent, regeneration of carbonyl compounds from oximes and hydrazones occurs. ... 

Regeneration of Carbonyl and Amino Groups. Excellent yields are obtained in the formation of carbonyl compounds from acetals, ketals, tosyl hydrazones (eq 3), oximes, 2,4-dlnltro-phenylhydrazones, and semicarbazones when reactions are carried out in an acetone/water mixture. 

Regeneration of the parent carbonyl compound from tosylhydrazones and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones can be carried out in high yield using sodium nitrite in trifluoroacetic acid. Deprotection of tosylhydrazones using thallium triacetate in acetic add is also elficient. Oximes yield the carbonyl product on treatment with bromine in aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and the same conditions can be used to hydrolyse tosylhydrazones if HMPA is present. Aqueous nitric acid was found to be superior to both sulphuric and hydrochloric adds for the cleavage of the hydrazones (90) to the corresponding cyclohexanones. ... 

Regeneration of carbonyl compounds from their hydrazones and oximes is most commonly carried out by acid hydrolysis and the expulsion of the analyzed carbonyl compound by a more reactive carbonyl compound in the case of oximes and in special circumstances oxidative cleavage can also be applied. 

Hydrazones are formed from mono- and Ai,A/-disubstituted hydrazines. Hydrazine itself can give either hydrazones or azines, depending mainly on the ratio of carbonyl component to hydrazine. The ease of formation of these compounds depends on the nature of the carbonyl constituent ... 

In order to characterize them and more readily separate them from interfering accompanying substances carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones) can be converted to hydrazones at the start. The reagent mainly employed is 2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazine in acidic solution [70], This yields osazones with aldoses and ketoses. Some examples are listed in Table 15. 

The free selenazole hydrazines are solids, sometimes well crystallized compounds. They show the typical properties of hydrazines. Thus they reduce Fehling s solution on warming and liberate silver, even in the cold, from ammoniacal silver nitrate solution. Further, they react with carbonyl compounds for example, benzylidene hydrazones are formed with benzaldehyde. These are identical with the hydrazones formed by direct condensation from benzaldehyde selenosemicarbazone and the corresponding a-halogenocarbonyl compound. 2-Hydrazino-4-phenylselenazole has also been reacted with acetophenone. The 2-a-methylbenzylidenehydrazone of 4-phenyl-selenazole (2, K = CJl, R" = H, R" = NH—N CMe-aH ) forms golden yellow plates mp 171°C. ... 

The formation of hydrazones from the corresponding carbonyl compounds has been accomplished initially in toluene [79]. The treatment of hydrazone with alkali (KOH) accomplishes Wolff-Kichner reduction that proceeds in good yield under... 

Hydrazinolysis products obtained from oxazolones 528 are versatile synthetic intermediates and can be further elaborated to a variety of different heterocycles depending on the substituents and on the experimental conditions. For example, N-aminoimidazolones 529, isolated from reaction of 528 and hydrazine, have been acylated ° or condensed with carbonyl compounds to produce 530 and 531, respectively. On the other hand, ring-opening 528 with hydrazine affords a dehydroamino acid hydrazide 532. Condensation of 532 with aldehydes yields a hydrazone 533 that can be cyclized to an A -iminoimidazolone 534 (Scheme 7.168). ... 

The mixture of hydrazones formed from the reactions of the set of carbonyl compounds commonly found in air can then be separated using HPLC and detected using light absorption at 254 or 365 nm (e.g., see Kuntz et al., 1980 Lipari and Swarin, 1982 and Kuwata et al., 1983). 

The metalated hydrazones are alkylated by alkyl halides, dialkyl sulfates or alkyl sulfonates at low temperatures in tetrahydrofuran (—95°C) or diethyl ether (— 110°C) to form the a-sub-stituted hydrazones in nearly quantitative yields. The ambident azaenolates react exclusively at the C-terminus side products resulting from N-, di-, or polyalkylation are not observed. The crude alkylated hydrazones can be purified by distillation or silica gel chromatography (diethyl ether/pentane) without epimerization. However, in most cases, they are pure enough to be directly cleaved to the desired alkylated carbonyl compound. 

Since the above cleavage methods proceed without racemization, the enantiomeric excess of the alkylated carbonyl compounds obtained can be safely determined by measuring the diastereomer-ic ratio of the alkylated hydrazones (see Section I.I.I.4.2.3.). The diastereomeric excess of SAMP-hydrazones derived from aldehydes was further determined by gas chromatography41. 

Regiospecific and enantioselective aldol reactions 168) were also performed with SAMP (137). Lithiated hydrazones obtained from ketones (154) as described above were alkylated with carbonyl compounds and the adducts then treated with chloro-trimethylsilane. The resulting trimethylsilylethers (155) were finally oxidatively hydrolyzed to yield the chiral (3-hydroxyketones (156) (e.e. = 31-62%)168),... 

In addition to preparation of arylhydrazones from the carbonyl compounds and an arylhydrazine, the Japp-Klingemann reaction of arenediazonium ions with enolates and enamines is an important method for preparation of arylhydrazones. This method provides a route to monoarylhydrazones of a-dicarbonyl compounds from /3-keto acids and to the hydrazones of pyruvate esters from / -keto esters. Enamines also give rise to monoarylhydrazones of a-diketones. Indolization of these arylhydrazones provides the expected 2-acyI-or 2-alkoxycarbonyl-indoles (equations 95-97). 

Most solid-phase syntheses of pyrazoles are based on the cyclocondensation of hydrazines with suitable 1,3-dielectrophiles. The reported examples include the reaction of hydrazines with support-bound a,(3-unsaturated ketones, 1,3-diketones, 3-keto esters, a-(cyano)carbonyl compounds, and a, 3-unsaturated nitriles (Table 15.19). Pyrazoles have also been prepared from polystyrene-bound 3-(hydrazino)esters, which are generated by the addition of ester enolates to hydrazones (Entry 7, Table 15.19 see also Section 10.3). Benzopyrazoles can be prepared from support-bound hydra-zones using the reaction sequence outlined in Figure 15.11. Oxidation of a polystyrene-bound benzophenone hydrazone yields an a-(acyloxy)azo compound. Upon treatment with a Lewis acid, this intermediate is converted into a 1,2-diazaallyl cation,... 

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