Hydrate molecular formula

Copper dichromate, molecular formula, properties, and uses, 6 56It Copper(II) diphosphate hydrate, molecular formula and uses, 7 778t Copper drossing, 14 145—141 Copper electrodes, 3 430 Copper(II) fluoborate, molecular formula and uses, 7 1111... 

Potassium citrate hydrate, molecular formula, 6 638t... 

Historically carbohydrates were once considered to be hydrates of carbon because their molecular formulas m many (but not all) cases correspond to C (H20) j It IS more realistic to define a carbohydrate as a polyhydroxy aldehyde or polyhydroxy ketone a point of view closer to structural reality and more suggestive of chemical reactivity... 

The word carbohydrate derives historically from the fact that glucose, the first simple carbohydrate to be obtained pure, has the molecular formula C6H,206 and was originally thought to be a "hydrate of carbon, C6(Tl20)6." This view was soon abandoned, but the name persisted. Today, the term carbohydrate is used to refer loosely to the broad class of polyhydroxvlated aldehydes and ketones commonly called sugars. Glucose, also known as dextrose in medical work, is the most familiar example. 

The carbohydrate family consists of a large number of naturally-occurring oxygen-rich organic compounds. The simplest carbohydrates - or "sugars" - have molecular formulas fitting the pattern (C.H 20)n, and appeared to early chemists to be "hydrated carbon." The more complex members of the family deviate from this pattern slightly. 

The name carbohydrate dates back to a time when it was thought that all of these molecules were hydrates of carbon. For example the molecular formula for glucose is C6H1206, or six carbons plus six water molecules (H20). While these molecules make up the largest component of most foods, especially when calculated on a dry basis, their analysis was often avoided. For example, proximate analysis of food frequently involved analysis for moisture, fat, ash, and protein with the remaining portion considered carbohydrate of one form or another. 

The term carbohydrate arose because most sugars have molecular formulas Cffi(H20),n, suggesting that carbon atoms are combined in some way with water. In fact, the empirical formula of most simple sugars is C(H20). Chemists named these compounds hydrates of carbon or carbohydrates because of these molecular formulas. Our modern definition of carbohydrates includes polyhydroxyaldehydes, poly-hydroxyketones, and compounds that are easily hydrolyzed to them. 

Calculations involving hydrates involve using the same techniques you have already practised for determining percent by mass, empirical formulas, and molecular formulas. 

What is the molecular formula of the hydrate of copper(II) sulfate, CuS04-xH20 ... 

In section 6.4, you learned several practical methods for determining empirical and molecular formulas of compounds. You may have noticed that these methods work because compounds react in predictable ways. For example, you learned that a compound containing carbon and hydrogen reacts with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. From the mass of the products, you can determine the amount of carbon and hydrogen in the reactant. You also learned that a hydrate decomposes when it is heated to form water and an anhydrous compound. Again, the mass of one of the products of this reaction helps you identify the reactant. In Chapter 7, you will learn more about how to use the information from chemical reactions in order to do quantitative calculations. 

Determine experimentally the percent by mass of water in a hydrate. Use this information to determine its molecular formula. 

The molecular formula of citric acid mono hydrate is C6H807-H20. Its molecular mass is... 

With your partner, develop a method to prepare 100 mL of 0.500 mol/L aqueous CuS04-5H20 solution. Include the water molecules that are hydrated to the crystals, as given in the molecular formula, in your calculation of the molar mass. Show all your calculations. Prepare the solution. 

Synonym carbolic acid, phenic acid, phenylic acid, phenyl hydrate, phenyl hydroxide, hydroxybenzene, oxybenzene Chemical Name phenol CAS Registry No 108-95-2 Molecular Formula C HjOH Molecular Weight 94.111 Melting Point (°C) ... 

Carbohydrates were given their name because their molecular formula could be written as Cn(H20)n, making them hydrates of carbon. 

Historically, carbohydrates were thought to be hydrates of carbon on the basis of their molecular formulas Cn(H20)m- More realistically, carbohydrates are now considered polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxy ketones, or substances that yield such compounds on acid hydrolysis. 

Originally, the English term carbohydrate was used for monosaccharides, the molecular formula of which corresponded to C (H20) . Because this formula can be regarded as the hydrate of a carbon atom, this class of compounds was called hydrate de carbone in French and Kohlenhydrate in German. 

The word carbohydrate derives historically from the fact that glucose, the first simple carbohydrate to be obtained pure, has the molecular formula C8Hi20g and was originally thought to be a hydrate of carbon, Ce(H20)g. ... 

You will calculate the empirical and molecular formulas for compounds and determine the formulas for hydrates. 

---