Hybrid evolution

Compositae-Madiinae). I. Cytogenetics of spontaneous hybrids. Evolution 35 543-556. 

Madiinae). II. Cytogenetics of artificial and natural hybrids. Evolution 40 959-976. 

Caccone A, Powell JR (1987) Molecular evolutionary divergence among North American cave crickets. II. DNA-DNA hybridization. Evolution 41 1215-1238... 

Brower, L. P. (1959a) Speciation in butterflies of the Papilio glaucus group. I. Morphological relationships and hybridization. Evolution, 13, 40-63. 

Poly(ethylene oxide). The synthesis and subsequent hydrolysis and condensation of alkoxysilane-terniinated macromonomers have been studied (39,40). Using Si-nmr and size-exclusion chromatography (sec) the evolution of the siUcate stmctures on the alkoxysilane-terniinated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macromonomers of controlled functionahty was observed. Also, the effect of vitrification upon the network cross-link density of the developing inorganic—organic hybrid using percolation and mean-field theory was considered. 

Fig. 3.45 Time evolution of rule T12 on (a) r — 2 lattice, (b,c) intermediate lattices, defined by populating an r=2 lattice with a fraction p of vertices that have 6 nearest-neighbors, with p6 0.15, pc 0.30, and (d) r = 3. We see that the class-3 behavior on the pure range-r graphs in (a) and (b) can become effectively class-2 on certain intermediate (or hybrid) topologies.

Heterogeneous rate constants, 12, 113 Hofmeister sequence, 153 Hybridization, 183, 185 Hydrodynamic boundary layer, 10 Hydrodynamic modulation, 113 Hydrodynamic voltammetry, 90 Hydrodynamic voltammogram, 88 Hydrogen evolution, 117 Hydrogen overvoltage, 110, 117 Hydrogen peroxide, 123, 176... 

As noted previously, FeVaco can be extracted from AcF by the methods used to extract FeMoco from MoFe proteins (777). When FeVaco was combined with the polypeptides of the MoFe proteins from a nifB mutant, an active hybrid protein was created. However, although this protein had the H2 evolution and acetylene reduction... 

The proposed mechanism of H2 evolution by a model of [FeFeJ-hydrogenases based upon DFT calculations [204-206] and a hybrid quanmm mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) investigation is summarized in Scheme 63 [207]. Complex I is converted into II by both protonation and reduction. Migration of the proton on the N atom to the Fe center in II produces the hydride complex III, and then protonation affords IV. In the next step, two pathways are conceivable. One is that the molecular hydrogen complex VI is synthesized by proton transfer and subsequent reduction (Path a). The other proposed by De Gioia, Ryde, and coworkers [207] is that the reduction of IV affords VI via the terminal hydride complex V (Path b). Dehydrogenation from VI regenerates I. 

Fig. 9.13 Time evolution of the NFS intensity for various temperatures around the HS-LS transition of [Fe(tpa)(NCS)2]. The measurements were performed at 1D18, ESRF in hybrid-bunch mode. The left-hand side shows measurements in the transition region performed with decreasing temperature and the right-hand side with increasing temperature. (The spectral patterns at comparable temperatures do not match due to hysteresis in the spin-transition behavior). The points give the measured data and the curves are results from calculations performed with CONUSS [9, 10]. The dashed line drawn in the 133 K spectmm represents dynamical beating. (Taken from [41])...

Quantum mechanics is essential for studying enzymatic processes [1-3]. Depending on the specific problem of interest, there are different requirements on the level of theory used and the scale of treatment involved. This ranges from the simplest cluster representation of the active site, modeled by the most accurate quantum chemical methods, to a hybrid description of the biomacromolecular catalyst by quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) [1], to the full treatment of the entire enzyme-solvent system by a fully quantum-mechanical force field [4-8], In addition, the time-evolution of the macromolecular system can be modeled purely by classical mechanics in molecular dynamicssimulations, whereas the explicit incorporation... 

The combined features of structural adaptation in a specific hybrid nanospace and of a dynamic supramolecular selection process make the dynamic-site membranes, presented in the third part, of general interest for the development of a specific approach toward nanomembranes of increasing structural selectivity. From the conceptual point of view these membranes express a synergistic adaptative behavior the addition of the most suitable alkali ion drives a constitutional evolution of the membrane toward the selection and amplification of a specific transport crown-ether superstructure in the presence of the solute that promoted its generation in the first place. It embodies a constitutional selfreorganization (self-adaptation) of the membrane configuration producing an adaptative response in the presence of its solute. This is the first example of dynamic smart membranes where a solute induces the preparation of its own selective membrane. 

Figure 2 Evolution of the neutron scattering intensities with time. Only spherical micelles of P123 block copolymer are present in the synthesis mixture within the first few minutes of the reaction (300 s), during the hydrolysis of the silica precursor. Then, hybrid organic-inorganic cylindrical micelles are detected (300-1400 s). The SBA-15 hexagonal phase is formed when the precipitation occurs, after 1400 s.

The hybrid evolutionary algorithm for 2S-MILPs is realized by using an evolution strategy (ES) to solve the master problem of the intensive 2S-MILP. Each individual of the ES represents a first-stage candidate solution x. The object parameters are encoded by a mixed-integer vector. The fitness of an individual is evaluated by the objective function of the master problem (MASTER),/ (x). 

Figure 3. Evolution of the maximal density in units of the nuclear saturation density. The origin of negaive timesteps is pre-merger evolution with two objects and after 0 it is post-merger with one object. Solid lines correspond to hadronic models, dashed lines to hybrid models.

Zhu, M., et al., Enhancedphotocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance based on Ru-trisdicarboxybipyridine-reducedgraphene oxide hybrid. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2012. 22(45) p. 23773-23779. 

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