Evolution of Hybrid Mass Spectrometers

The development of hybrid instruments started from magnetic sector-quadmpole hybrids, either BqQ [221,222], EBqQ, [223] or BEqQ [224-226]. Numerous other systems such as magnetic sector-QIT [227], magnetic sector-oaTOF [228,229], QITTOF [138,230,231], QqTOF [49,232-234], QqLIT [108], LITICR, andQqlCR followed (Table 4.3). 

The next higher level of performance can be achieved by replacing the oaTOF section with a FT-ICR analyzer. Those high-end instruments are either available as Qh-ICR by employing a quadrupole as first mass analyzer (Bruker Daltonik 

APEX-Q and Solarix instruments. Fig. 4.62) or as LIT-ICR, i.e., with a linear ion trap in front of the ICR cell (Thermo Fisher LTQ-FT series. Fig. 4.68). 

Note Besides accommodating to their versatihty, thac is nothing new to understand with hybrid instruments. Exotic at a first glance, hybrids are governing today s market of mass spectrometers [114-116]. 

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