Humid bodies

Avicenna, another great Sage, says that "natural heat operating in humid bodies first causes blackness, and finally causes whiteness, as may be seen in calyx." "Coction," says Alze, "causes the substance to become first black, then white, then red, all by the separation of waters. The waters being divided, cook the matter and the vapor until coagulation takes place, and there is made a White Stone."... 

In a short note Volta says that well-burnt charcoal was superior to silver or gold when in combination with tin in producing galvanic effects, and that the contact of tin foil and a silver coin in the mouth and applied to the eye produced sensations of taste and light. Experiments showed that the electric fluid passed when pieces of metal of different kinds are in contact with all kinds of non-animal bodies, also with other humid bodies (sostanze umide) such as paper, leather, cloth, etc., soaked in water, or best of all with water. Metals in such circumstances are not only conductors (deferenti) but also true movers and exciters of electricity (veri motori ed eccitatori di elettricita), which he... 

Normally the human body maintains its core temperature within the range 36°-37.4°C by balancing its heat gains and losses. Maintaining an employee s health in a hot environment requires the control of air temperature and humidity, body activities, type of clothing, exposure time and ability to sweat. To sweat freely the individual must be fit, acclimatised to the heat with sufficient water intake to ensure a urine output of about 2Vz pints per day. When the air temperature reaches 35°C plus, the loss of body heat is by sweating only, but this may be difficult when humidity reaches 80% or more. 

Vineyard site is important to wine quaUty and character and interacts with variety. The general climate must not be too cold, too hot, or too humid. A mild, dry climate that still induces a dormant season, like the Mediterranean area and California, is desirable. A relatively constant weather pattern year-to-year is also sought. The nearer to the limits of cold tolerance, for example, that the climate comes, the more likely are disastrous vintages. The modifying influence of close bodies of water, sun-facing slopes, or frost-resisting air drainage can make one vineyard more desirable than another nearby. 

In general, when a person is thermally comfortable, the person s thermal sensation for the whole body is at or near neutral as depicted in Fig. 5.7a. As we have seen, the thermal conditions necessary for comfort are affected by clothing insulation. Figure 5.7b shows the range of temperatures and humidities... 

Under certain conditions, such as hyperbaria,airway heat losses can account for a considerable percentage of total body heat production (in some cases > 100%). Normally these threats are ameliorated by rapid moderation of inspired air temperature and humidity by exchanging heat and water vapor between the mucus and airstream in the upper airway. Recovering much of the heat and water vapor contained in expired air minimizes heat and water losses to the ambient environment and aids in whole-body thermoregulation. 

Skin effects Bacteria growth in skinfolds. Clothing type has to be considered. As moisture is required to keep the skin supple, low humidity causes cTackiiig of the skin, increasing the risk of chemicals and bacteria entering the body... 

Temperature Relief from overheating Humidity. Prevention of condensation or fogging Odor Dilution of odor from smoking, body odor, processes, etc. 

Figure 6.4. Percent average humidity compared with 6 0 in bone phosphate. The strong association between the two variables across the species of Australian marsupials (data from Ayliffe and Chivas 1990) and North American white-tailed deer (data from Luz ei a/. 1990) indicates that their body water oxygen isotopic composition is strongly determined by the 8"0 in their diet since plant 8 0 varies in negative correlation with humidity.

Fog forms when humid warm air from above a body of water moves inland and cools. What is the highest temperature at which fog could form from air that is at 65% relative humidity when its temperature is 27.5 ... 

C05-0098. In the tropics, water will condense in human lungs when the temperature and relative humidity are too high. Using Table 5-4. estimate the vapor pressure of water at body temperature of 37 °C. If atmospheric temperature is 40 °C, at what relative humidity does this life-threatening process... 

To summarize, a mechanical system that is planned to control indoor air contaminants (including humidity, radon, combustion gases, and body odors) and reduce the risk of condensation in the building shell in a cold humid climate should include... 

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