Humic and fulvic acid isolation

Table 1 Range of Di.stribution of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups in Humic and Fulvic Acids Isolated from Soils of Widely Different Climatic Zones (in mEq/lOO g)...

Guetzloff,T. F., and Rice, J. A. (1996). Micellar nature of humic colloids. In Humic and Fulvic Acids Isolation, Structure, and Environmental Role, Gaffney, S., Marley, A., and Clark, S. B., eds., ACS Symposium Series, No. 651, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 18-25. 

Gaffney JS, Marley NA, Clark SB, (eds) (1996) Humic and fulvic acids - isolation, structure, and environmental role. ACS Symp Ser, vol. 651... 

Several alternatives are used to reduce ammonia elimination. Applied in relatively small quantities, urease inhibitors such as A-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide reduce the rate of microbial hydrolysis of urea and increase its efficiency as a fertilizer (Manahan, 2005). Ammonia volatilization could also be reduced using a mixture of urea with tropical peat soil or free humic substances, such as humic and fulvic acids, isolated from peat soils (Bernard et al., 2009). Another application of green technologies is the use of thermal polyaspartate, a product formed by the condensation and base treatment of a natural compound, aspartic acid. This has been found to be effective in stimulating plant uptake of fertilizer thus reducing the amount of fertilizer required (Manahan, 2005). 

Elemental Analysis. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorous, and ash determinations were made on freeze-dried samples of raw foam, and humic and fulvic acids isolated from Como Creek and Suwannee River foam and water samples by Huffman Laboratories (Golden, CO). Trace-metal analysis was performed on freeze-dried Como Creek foam by Huffman Laboratories (Golden, CO). 

FIGURE 4. Titration curves for stream humic and fulvic acids isolated from the Ogeechee River near Louisville, Georgia during December 1981. 

Ruggiero et al. (1978, 1981) have also examined the H NMR spectra of different molecular weight fractions of humic and fulvic acids isolated by adsorption and gel permeation chromatography. They found that there are differences in the aliphatic and aromatic regions of the spectrum between the different fractions. Their data are fragmentary and substantially more work... 

Saito, Y. and Hayano, S. (1981). Characterization of humic and fulvic acids isolated from marine sediments of Sagami and Suruga Bays with C and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan 36, No. 6, 286-292. 

Distribution of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups in Humic and Fulvic Acids Isolated from Soils... 

H.-R. Schulten, in Humic and Fulvic Acids Isolation, Structure and Environmental Role, ACS Symposium Series 651, Washington, D.C., J. Gaffney, N. Marley, and S. 

Prepai ative isolation of nonvolatile and semivolatile organic compounds fractions (hydrophobic weak acids, hydrophobic weak bases, hydrophobic neutrals, humic and fulvic acids) from natural and drinking waters in optimal conditions was systematically investigated by solid-phase extraction method with porous polymer sorbents followed by isolation from general concentrate of antropogenic and/or toxic semivolatile compounds produced in chlorination and ozonation processes. 

Chemical differences between these fractions of DOM are apparent, but there is considerable compositional overlap as well. Extraction of humic substances or ultrafiltration removes most of the colored DOM from water samples and most of the dissolved lignin (Ertel et al., 1986 Opsahl and Benner, 1998). This is consistent with the observation that many humic and fulvic acids have molecular masses greater than the cutoff (1000 Da) of the membranes used for DOM isolation by ultrafiltration (Thurman, 1985). 

Figure 4.5. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra of humic acids (HAs) isolated from sewage sludge (B) and two soils either unamended (TH1 and TH2, respectively) or amended with 3901 ha-1 of sewage sludge (THB1 and THB2, respectively) sampled from the surface (s, 0-25cm) and subsurface (ss, 25-50cm) layers. Reprinted from Bertoncini, E. I., D Orazio, V., Senesi, N., and Mattiazzo, M. E. (2005). Fluorescence analysis of humic and fulvic acids from two Brazilian oxisols as affected by biosolid amendment. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 381,1281-1288, with permission from Springer.

Abbt-Braun, G. (1992). A Spectroscopic characterization of humic substances in the ultraviolet and visible region. B Interpretation of the pyrolysis products of isolated humic and fulvic acid. In Progress in Hydrogeochemistry, Matthess, G., Frimmel, F., Hirsch, P., Schulz, H. D., and Usdowski, H.-E., eds., Springer, Berlin, A pp. 24-36 B pp. 46-51. 

Baglieri, A., Ioppolo, A., Negre, M., and Gennari, M. (2007). A method for isolating soil organic matter after the extraction of humic and fulvic acids. Org. Geochem. 38, 140-150. 

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