Thermal polyaspartate

Several alternatives are used to reduce ammonia elimination. Applied in relatively small quantities, urease inhibitors such as A-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide reduce the rate of microbial hydrolysis of urea and increase its efficiency as a fertilizer (Manahan, 2005). Ammonia volatilization could also be reduced using a mixture of urea with tropical peat soil or free humic substances, such as humic and fulvic acids, isolated from peat soils (Bernard et al., 2009). Another application of green technologies is the use of thermal polyaspartate, a product formed by the condensation and base treatment of a natural compound, aspartic acid. This has been found to be effective in stimulating plant uptake of fertilizer thus reducing the amount of fertilizer required (Manahan, 2005). 

Biodegradable polyamides have also been prepared from amino acids. For example, aspartic acid can be converted to polyaspartate, abbreviated as TPA (thermal polyaspartate). TRA is commonly used as an alternative to poly(acrylic acid), which is used to line the pumps and boilers of wastewater treatment facilities. 

Designing an Environmentally Safe Marine Antifoulant Production and Use of Thermal Polyaspartate Polymers DuPont Petretec Polyester Regeneration Technology... 

One of the commonly used biodegradable polymer Thermal Polyaspartate... 

Though PAC is relatively non-toxic and environmentally benign, it is not biodegradable. This causes a disposal problem in waste water treatment facilities, where the PAC must be removed and land filled. The problem for it s disposal has been solved by Donlar Corporation, which has developed a method for the production of TPA (thermal polyaspartate), a biodegerable alternative to. PAC. The Donlar s synthesis consists of heating the aspartic acid followed by hydrolysing the formed succinimide polymer with aqueous base (Scheme 114). 

Sodium polyaspartates are readily obtained by thermal polymerization of aspartic acid followed by hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide ... 

Polyanionic polyamides are available by the condensation of polycar-boxyamino acids such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Thongh both homopolymers are known and claimed as biodegradable, aspartic acid is more amenable to a practical industrial thermal polymerization since it has no tendency to form an internal A-anhydride as is the case with glutamic acid. An alternative synthesis for polyaspartic acid is from ammonia and maleic acid. 

Recently, different preparation methods, such as spark-plasma sinter-ing,f thermal processing methods or polyaspartate precursor meth-ods, have been shown as potential synthesis methods in order to improve the ionic conductivity of LaiMoiOg-based electrolytes. As previously, these techniques optimise the particle morphology and homogeneity resulting in improved performance. 

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