Humectants propylene glycol

Humectant -propylene glycol [GLYCOLS - PROPYLENE GLYCOLS] (Vol 12) -use ofbromides [BROMINE COMPOUNDS] (Vol 4)... 

Flavor and taste Humectants Propylene glycol Glycerol... 

Of particular interest was the effect of adding the humectants propylene glycol, glycerol and 1,3-butane diol. These results are shown in Figure 20.5, as a function of both moisture content and a -... 

Although glycerol also acts as a humectant, propylene glycol is commonly preferred because of a desirable effect upon the flavor (Burroughs and Barker, 1976). The high-sugar content in some formulations may lead to the Maillard reaction and produce melanoidins, thus having a deleterious effect upon both color and flavor (Davies et al, 1976). 

Humectants. In certain foods, it is necessary to control the amount of water that enters or exits the product. It is for this purpose that humectants are employed. Polyhydric alcohols (polyols), which include propylene glycol [57-55-6], C2Hg02, glycerol [56-81-5], C HgO, sorbitol [50-70-4], and mannitol [69-65-8], contain numerous hydroxyl groups (see Alcohols,polyhydric). Their stmcture makes them hydrophilic and... 

Propylene glycol is also an effective humectant, preservative, and stabilizer and is found in such diverse apphcations as semimoist pet food, bakery goods, food flavorings, salad dressings, and shave creams. Humectancy, or the capabiUty of retaining moisture in a product, is a result of the vapor—Hquid equihbria of the glycol—water system and can be estimated from tables provided by suppHers (27). 

Humectants such as propylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, or calcium chloride can prevent drying and caking. 

Pet Foods and Commercial Animal Feeds. Eor many years, it has been known that stable, long-shelf-life, intermediate-moisture pet foods can be prepared through the use of 0.1—0.3 wt % sorbates. In these products, the antimicrobial effectiveness of sorbates is enhanced by a combination of moderate heat treatment, pH adjustment, and reduced water activity via humectants such as propylene glycol, or by adjusting sugar and salt content. These techniques have been reviewed extensively (138,139). 

Propylene glycol and butylene glycol are often used as humectants (moisturizers) as they are hygroscopic (they draw moisture from the air). 

Sodium PCA is hygroscopic, attracting moisture from the air. It is used as a humectant (moisturizer) for hair- and skin-care products. It is a stronger hydrating agent than the traditional compounds used for this purpose, such as glycerin, propylene glycol, or sorbitol. 

Glycerin is added as a humectant (draws moisture from the air), as is propylene glycol, which is also a preservative. 

Hull cell PHYS CHEM An electrodeposition cell that operates within a simultaneous range of known current densities. hoi, sel humectant chem A substance which absorbs or retains moisture examples are glycerol, propylene glycol, and sorbitol used in preparing confectioneries and dried fruit. hyu mek-tont ... 

Uses. Polyester resins use up about 60% of the propylene glycol (and most of the dipropylene glycol) manufactured. The remainder is used as a tobacco and cosmetic humectant. (a chemical that keeps moisture around), automotive antifreeze and brake fluid ingredients, food additive, and plasticizers for various resins, and making nonionic detergents and coatings. Propylene glycol is an excellent solvent. 

Propylene glycol. looks like propane with hydroxyl groups, -OH, substituted for a hydrogen on two adjacent carbons. Propylene glycol is also used to make polymers and in a variety of smaller applications such as solvents, humectants, and food additives. 

Unsaturated polyester resins account for the majority of the commercial use of propylene glycol (40%). Other uses include liquid and laundry detergent (15%), cosmetics and pharmaceuticals (12%), antifreeze and deicers (10%), pet food (6%), functional fluids (6%), paint and coatings (4%), and tobacco humectants (3%). 

Propylene glycol is also an effective humectant and increases the water content of the stratum corneum. The hygroscopic characteristics of the agent may help it to develop an osmotic gradient through the stratum corneum, thereby increasing hydration of the outermost layers by drawing water out from the inner layers of the skin. 

Unsaturated polyester resins account for the majority of the commercial use of propylene glycol. Other uses include food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pet food, and tobacco humectants. 

Motoyoshi K, Nozawa S, Yoshimura M, Matsuda K. The safety of propylene glycol and other humectants. Cosmet Toilet 1984 99(10) 83-91. 

Propylene glycol (Figure 12.11), also known as 1,2-propanediol and 1,2-dihydroxypropane, has a molecular weight of 76.1. It is used as an antimicrobial preservative (at 15-30%), a disinfectant, a humectant (at 15%), a solvent or co-solvent, and a stabilizer for vitamins, both in... 

Peel-off masks are applied in a uniform layer on the skin and upon drying and removal produce a sensation of skin tightness and cleansing action. Peel-off masks are marketed to consumers with normal, oily, combination, and acne-prone skin types. These masks are believed to perform the functions of skin exfoliation, hydration, and purification. They are based on plasticized polyvinyl alcohol. Hydrophilic emollients (e.g., ethoxylated fatty acid or alcohol derivatives, dimethicone copolyol) and humectants (e.g., glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol) are added to prevent moisture loss and cracking of polyvinyl alcohol film. Solvents... 

NEB and almost all chemical reactions in foods are thought to cease in systems that are below a of 0.23 to 0.43, the typical range of the moisture monolayer value (Labuza et al., 1969 Rockland and Nishi, 1980). In Figure 20.5b, this trend appeared as expected for the control formulation, which contained no humectant. However, upon the addition of hydrophilic glycols as humectants (which were liquids at the test temperature and thus miscible in water), the at which the maximum reaction rate occurred shifted to a much lower value. Propylene glycol showed a maximum rate at a of about 0.2, with a rate equal to the maximum rate of the control at a a of 0.8. 

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