Human proximal tubular

Romiti N, Tramonti G, Donati A, Chieli E. Effects of grapefruit juice on the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein in the human proximal tubular cell line HK-2. Life Sci 2004 76(3) 293-302. 

Lash LH, Hueni SE, Putt DA. Apoptosis, necrosis, and cell proliferation induced by S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in primary cultures of human proximal tubular cells.Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 177 1-16, 2001. 

Liang D, Liu H-F, Yao C-W, Liu H-Y, Huang-Fu C-M, Chen X-W, Du S-H, Chen X-W. Effects of interleukin on injury and activation of human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Nephrology 2007 12 53-61. 

Prodjosudjadi,W, Gerritsma JSJ, Klar-Mohamad N, Gerritsen AF, Bruijn J.A., Daha MR, Van Es LA. Production and cytokine-mediated regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int 1995 48 1477-1486. 

Nanomolar concentrations of OTA resulted in the stable and irreversible dedifferentiation of MDCK-C7 cells, characterized by a distinct morphology as compared to the parent cell line (spindle-shape, pleiomor-phic, narrow intercellular spaces, increased cell size), a reduced proliferation rate and numerical chromosomal aberrations [202]. Further studies could demonstrate that OTA exposure resulted in apoptosis, which was associated with induced c-jun amino-terminal-kinase (JNK) activation [203]. Long term exposure (14 days) of human proximal tubular cells to nanomolar concentrations of OTA under serum free conditions led to cell hypertrophy, NF-kappaB activation, fibronectin secre-... 

Bohets EIEI, VanThielen MN, Van der Blest I,Van Eandeghem GE, D Elaese PC, Nouwen EJ, De Broe ME, and Dierickx PJ.Cytotoxicity of mercury compounds in EEC-PK1, MDCKand human proximal tubular cells. Kidney Int 47 395-403,1995. 

Iwata M and Zager R. Myoglobin inhibits proliferation of cultured human proximal tubular (HK-2) cells. Kidney Int 50 796-804, 1996. 

Flahn FI, FluckCW, Rainer M, Najam-ul-Flaq M, Bakry R, AbbergerT, Jennings P, Pfaller W, and Bonn GK. Analysis of glutathione in supernatants and lysates of a human proximal tubular cell line from perfusion culture upon intoxication with cadmium chloride by HPLC and LC-ESI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 388 1763-1769,2007. 

Blaehr H, Andersen CB, Ladefoged J. Acute effects of FK506 and cyclosporine A on cultured human proximal tubular cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1993 228 283-288. 

Isolated proximal tubular cells from rat kidneys are susceptible to DCVC-induced necrosis at relatively high doses (> 0.2 mmol 1 ). Similarly, high concentrations (> 0.2 mmol 1 ) of DCVC are also required to produce significant necrosis in suspensions of freshly isolated human proximal tubular cells. DCVC has also been shown to induce apoptosis in primary cultures of rat proximal tubular cells and in the LLC-PKl cells. 

Lash LH, Putt DA, Cai H (2006) Membrane transport function in primary cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Toxicology 228 (2-3) 200-218... 

Table 2. Overview of the published macro-separation techniques described to result in pure human proximal tubular epithelial cultures [52],...

Since the original description of Detrisac et al. [46] a 1 1 mixture of DMEM and HAMF12, supplemented with hydrocortisone, triiodothyronine, insulin, transferrin and selenate (currently known as K1 medium) [51], has been the most widely used medium in human (proximal) tubular epithelial cell culture. Several authors add serum because of its growth promoting effect. 

CSA has also been shown to cause toxico-tolerance in vitro. CsA, which is transported via the P-glycopro-tein, increases the expression of P-glycoprotein in rat proximal tubular cells [183] and in the human proximal tubular cell line HK-2 [183a]. CSA also induces the expression of HSP 70 in LLC-PKj cells, which increases tolerance to subsequent exposure to CSA [184]. 

Regec AL, Trump BF, Trifillis AL. Effect of gentamycin on the lysosomal system of cultured human proximal tubular cells endocytic activity, lysosomal pFI, and membrane fragility. Biochem Pharmacol 1989 38 2527-2534. 

Gerritsma JS, Fliemstra PS, gerritsen AF, Prodjosudjadi W, Verweij CL, van Es LA, Daha MR. Regulation and production of IL-8 by human proximal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 1996 103 289-294. 

Seelen MA, Brooimans RA, van der Woude FJ, van Es LA, Daha MR. Ifn-y mediates stimulation of complement C4 biosynthesis in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int 1993 44 50-57. 

McLay JS, Chatteijee P, Nicolson AG, Jardine AG, McKay NG, Ralston SFI, Grabowski P, Flaites NE, McLeod AM, Flawsksworth GM. Nitric oxide production by human proximal tubular cells a novel immunomodulatory mechanism Kidney Int 1994 46 1043-1049. 

Phillips AO, Topley AN, Morrisey K, Williams JD, Steadman R. Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates the release of performed transforing growth factor a1 from human proximal tubular cells in the absence of de novo gene transcription or mRNA translation. Lab Invest 1997a 76 591-600. 

DPP dipeptidyl peptidase HPT human proximal tubular cells... 

Cummings BS, Lash LH. Metabolism and toxicity of trichloroethylene and S-(l,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in freshly isolated human proximal tubular cells. Toxicol Sci 2000 53 458-466. 

Chatterjee PK, Weerackody RP, Mistry SK et al. Selective antagonism of the ATi receptor inhibits angiotensin II stimulated DNA and protein synthesis in primary cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Kidney Int 1997 52 699-705. 

Lash, L.H. (2012) Human proximal tubular cells as an in vitro model for drug screening and mechanistic toxicology. AltTox Essay, http //alttox.org/ttrc/toxicity-tests/repeated-dose/way-forward/lash/ (accessed on October 12, 2015). 

Lash, L.H., Putt, D.A., and Benipal, B. (2014b) Multigenerational study of chemically induced cytotoxicity and proliferation in cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15, 21348-21365. 

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