Human immunodeficiency virus HIV vaccines

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine, 25 500-501 Human insulin... 

Girard M P, Osmanov S K, Kieny M P (2006). A review of vaccine research and development The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Vaccine. In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 28 February 2006. 

The trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine can be administered to all age groups and risk populations. It is recommended that the vaccine be administered yearly to children older than 6 months of age at risk for complications from influenza, such as those with asthma, cardiac disease, sickle cell disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, diabetes, and other conditions that compromise respiratory function. Healthy children 6 to 23 months of age should be vaccinated because of the increased risk for influenza-related... 

Live vaccines rarely may cause severe or fatal reactions as a result of uncontrolled replication (growth) of the vaccine virus. This may occur in persons with weak immune systems, including persons with leukemia or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or persons undergoing treatment with certain drugs. This is why it is so important to know a person s health status before giving a live vaccine. 

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of only a few retroviruses known to infect humans. It is estimated that approximately twenty-two million people are now infected worldwide [1]. With only a tiny number of exceptions, infection ultimately leads to the development of the lethal condition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. To date, only a handful of drugs have been shown to have any effect on the course of the disease. These are, in general, relatively ineffective at significantly prolonging life, and drug resistance develops rapidly. Equally discouraging, vaccines have not yet been developed to prevent infection. 

Responses to live and killed vaccines generally are suboptimal for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and decrease as the disease progresses. 

Acquired immune deficiency s)mdrome (AIDS) is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [113]. At present 40 million people are infected with the virus worldwide, with an estimated five million new infections in 2004 alone [114]. A vaccine that limits HIV-associated disease states or prevents HIV infection would be a valuable tool for stemming... 

Measles and varicella vaccination is recommended for children with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but is contraindicated for persons with severe immunosuppression from HIV or any other immunosuppressive disorder. 

In the latter part of the 20th century, laboratory-acquired viral infections became an important concern. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was discovered and the concern for handling blood specimens from HIV-positive or suspected samples became a driving force for more protections for the laboratory worker. This was especially true since there was no vaccine to prevent HIV infections and no known cure for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Laboratory-acquired HIV infections are extremely rare. 

The ability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to undergo rapid mutations, even within the same individual, means a vaccine against the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains unlikely in the foreseeable future. 

Nelson KE, Clements ML, Miotti P, Cohn S, Polk BE. The influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on antibody responses to influenza vaccines. Ann Intern Med 1988 109 383-388. 

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