Human immunodeficiency virus conformational changes

Ho HT, Fan L, Nowicka-Sans B, McAuhffe B, li CB, Yamanaka G, Zhou N, Fang H, Dicker 1, Dalterio R, Gong YF, Wang T, Yin Z, Ueda Y, MatiskeUa J, Kadow J, Qapham P, Robinson J, Colonno R, Lin PF (2006) Envelope conformational changes induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 attachment inhibitors prevent CD4 binding and downstream entry events. 

Rittinger K, Divita G, Goody R. Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase substrate-induced conformational changes and the mechanism of inhibition by nonnucleoside inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92 8046-8049. 

Esser, M.T., et al. 1999. Cyanovirin-N binds to gpl20 to interfere with CD4-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virion binding, fusion, and infectivity but does not affect the CD4 binding site on gpl20 or soluble CD4- induced conformational changes in gpl20. J Virol 73 4360. 

Kassa A, Madani N, Schon A et al (2009) Transitions to and from the CD4-bound conformation are modulated by a single-residue change in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl20 inner domain. J Virol 83 8364—8378... 

A more efficient approach is to use the interatomic distances to specify window functions. For example, consider the conformational transition associated with opening and closing of the two flaps that surround the active site of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) protease [39]. This transition involves simultaneous changes in many torsion angles, but we can discriminate between the open and closed macrostates just by specifying a single indicator distance rtJ between atoms i and j, one near the tip of each flap, and defining hard window functions wopen(ry) = w (ry) and w, oSed( ) = w 4(ru), where... 

Sullivan N, Sun Y, Sattentau Q, et al. CD4-Induced conformational changes in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl 20 glycoprotein consequences for virus entry and neutralization. J Virol 1998 72 4694-4703. 

Moore JP, Sattencau QJ, Klasse PJ et al. A monoclonal antibody to CD4 domain 2 blocks soluble CD4-induced conformational changes in the envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-1 infection of CD4 cells. J Virol 1992 66(8) 4784-4793. 

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