Human diseases goiter

It is difficult to define the normal range of iodine intake in humans, and despite efforts to provide iodine supplementation in many geographic areas of the world, endemic iodine deficiency and attendant goiter remain a world health problem (147). Exposure to excess iodine may sometimes lead to the development of thyroid disease. This unusual type of iodide-induced goiter has been found, for example, in 10% of the population of a Japanese island where fishermen and their families consume large quantities of an iodine-rich seaweed and have an iodine intake as high as 200 mg/d (148). 

Trace amounts of iodine are required for a healthy body. Iodine is part of the hormone thyroxin produced by the thyroid gland. Thyroid secretions control the physical and mental development of the human body. A goiter, a swelling of the thyroid gland, is caused by the lack of iodine. Adding thyroid medication and iodized salt to the diet helps prevent this disease. Radioactive iodine (1-131), with a half-life of eight days, is used to treat some diseases of the thyroid gland. 

Goiter is the human pathology of hyperplasia of the thyroid gland induced by the deficiency of dietary iodine. The disease is localized in those regions where soils are low in iodine or where seafood is not consumed. Fortification of fable salt with sodium iodide, where applied, has practically eradicated this disease. Unfortunately, many regions of the world do not practice this public health policy. 

The low intake of stable iodine, not radioactive iodine intake, may explain the prevalence of goiter disease, which has often broken out in children in the contaminated areas since the Chernobyl accident (Yamashita and Shibata, 1997). Stable iodine is an essential element for humans and animals (WHO, 1996). Furthermore, information on the natural cycles of stable iodine is necessary to explain the accumulation of radioactive iodine isotopes... 

However, these same characteristics make lithium a useful adjunct in the treatment of hyperthyroidism with i l. A 39-year-old woman with Graves disease who may have developed thyrotoxicosis secondary to treatment with amiodarone, an iodine-rich medication [92 ]. She was administered lithium 900mg/day for 12 days to increase uptake. When this was combined with two doses of 0.9 mg of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH), there was a fivefold increase in uptake [92 ]. In a retrospective study of 204 hyperthyroid patients (n = 163 Graves disease, n = 26 toxic multinodular goiter, and n=15 solitary toxic thyroid adenoma), 103 patients received alone (median dose 558 MBq) and 101 received 1 with lithium (median... 

In 1907, Marine, an American medical scientist, studied thyroid disease and iodine deficiency in farm animals and fish. Then, in 1916, he began to apply his findings to the prevention of goiter in humans. His administration of sodium iodide to school girls in the fifth to twelfth grades in Ohio demonstrated that such treatment effectively prevented goiter. 

Iodine. The sole function of iodine in the human body is as a component of the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. A dietary deficiency of iodine may lead to low levels of these hormones (hypothyroidism), a condition which is often accompanied by high blood cholesterol, and in some cases, atherosclerosis. Studies in Finland have shown that, although the dietary levels of fat are similar throughout the country, there seem to be more cases of cardiovascular diseases in the areas where the rates of goiter (an enlargement of the thyroid due to iodine deficiency) are also high. ... 

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