Human bone marrow stromal cells hBMSCs

Figure 21.13. A) High power microscope image showing that polysaccharide nanoparticles selectively associate with primary human bone marrow stromal cells in a 3D cell suspensions (n=12). The alginate nanocapsule core is stained with a fluorescent dye (Cell Tracker Red) which in white transmitted light is blue. B) TEM image showing presence of nanocapsules (i) at the surface of a primary hBMSC cell membrane and (ii) internalized within vacuoles. The yellow arrows denote position of nanocapsules.

Bernhardt et al. [234] obtained a synthetic material that mimics the composition and structure of the extracellular bone matrix, which mainly consists of Coll fibrils, mineralized with HAp (nano)crystals. This nanocomposite material was produced in a biomimetic process, in which Col fibril assembly and mineralization with HAp occur simultaneously. The authors observed that the membranes from biomimetically mineralized Coll show a substantial influence on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone-marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs). The bone-like composition of the material, combined with its stimulating effect on the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSC, makes it appropriate for human bone regeneration. 

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