Horse masks

The horse mask (Fig. 121) is a device to protect the respiratory tract... 

The dog ma.sk is somewhat similar to the horse mask, except tlial it vcrs both jaw.s as well as the nostrils, since a dog breathes through iKith nose and mouth. A.s dog.s are not used in the American Army, dog masks are nut authorized. 

Berlin, Maryland, is another overlooked site. For example, a 1923 contingency plan provided for an estimated strength of 3053 personnel, 3355 gas masks, 500 horse masks, 150 protective suits, 1400 pounds of chloride of lime, 1100 extra canisters, 70 alarm devices, and 80 two-ounce cans of glycerine to be placed at the Berhn Station. This was never implemented but, obviously, this was a significant facility in the eyes of the Chemical Warfare Service (CWS). 

This Iriquois mask is made of a mixture of plant and animal materials wood, pigments, horse hair, corn husks, copper, and a feather. 

FIGURE 2.4. World War I soldier and horse wearing gas mask. Source. National Archives and Records Administration (http // c0mm0ns.wikimedia.0rg/wiki/Image Gasmask f0r man and h0rse. 

As horses and mules never breatiie through the mouth and as thetr eyi s are not s erio sly affected by lacrimators, the mask covers the nostrils and iipi>er jaw of the anima] only. 

Desflurane has the lowest bloodigas partition coefficient of all of the modern inhalation anesthetic agents. Rapid onset of anesthesia and short recovery times are associated with its use in horses (Tendillo et al 1997). Mask induction with desflurane in unsedated horses (vaporizer setting 18%, 101/min oxygen flow rate) resulted in... 

The terrors of the gas cloud and the artillery bombardment were combined in a weapon which the Germans came to view with particular horror. A captured German document spoke of the violent explosion of a projector attack volcanic sheets of flame or the simultaneous occurrence of many gun flashes, thick black smoke clouds, powerful concussion, whistling and noise of impact up to 2,5 seconds after the flash of discharge. .. the noise resembles that of an exploding dump of hand grenades. 32 At Arras, the German gun crews were forced to wear their masks for hours on end many ran out of ammunition as the gas killed hundreds of horses used to carry munitions up to the front. 

CAUTION The collection and handling of blood and other biological specimens requires great care because of the possible presence of transferable disease constituents, particularly from HIV or AIDS. Rubber gloves must be worn and often masks, as well. You will not draw blood or take other biological samples, nor handle samples from individuals. AH experiments are designed to use commercially available or synthetic materials that are safe (e.g., freeze-dried serum). Animal serum, such as horse serum or bovine serum, can be purchased fwww.sigma-aldrich.com). One experiment uses urine, and that can be either your own, from an animal, or synthetic. 

FIGURE 2.4 World War I soldier and horse, both wearing gas masks. 

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