Hormone receptors cell culture

G. Shanker, N.R. Bhat and R.A. Pieringer. Investigations on myelina-tion in vitro thyroid hormone receptors in cultures of cells dissociated from embryonic mouse brain. Biosci. Rep. 1 289-297 (1981). 

GERSHENGORN M c, MARCUS-SAMUELS B E and GERAS E (1979) Estiogens increase the number of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone receptors on mammotropic cells in culture. Endocrinology. 105 (1) 171-6. 

Venkov C, Rankin A, Vaughan D (1996) Identification of authentic estrogen receptor in cultured endothelial cells a potential mechanism for steroid hormone regulation of endothelial function. Circulation 94 727-733... 

Proteins are frequently powerful immunogens and the availability of specific antibodies, particularly monoclonal antibodies, makes the technique of affinity chromatography very useful in the separation and purification of individual proteins. The technique has been used to purify a wide range of proteins such as hormones, membrane receptors and complement proteins. However, it is not restricted to proteins and is potentially applicable to any immunogenic substance. The availability of suitable antibodies is essential and these may be raised by whole animal polyclonal techniques or by monoclonal cell culture. The former antibodies may need some prior purification before being immobilized. 

Some cellular responses occur too rapidly following steroid hormone exposure to involve the multi-step process of nuclear receptor activation. For example, 17/6-estradiol can rapidly stimulate adenylate cyclase and cause a near-instantaneous increase in intracellular cAMP in cultured prostate cells. These effects are mediated by the interaction of steroid hormones with cell surface proteins. 

Kelly MA et al (1985) A variant form of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor with low apparent hormone affinity in cultured monkey kidney cells (LLC-MK2). A model for tissue resistance to vitamin D. J Biol Chem 260(3) 1545-1549... 

Torossian K, Freedman D, Fantus IG. 1988. Vanadate down-regulates cell-surface insulin and growth- hormone receptors and inhibits insulin-receptor degradation in cultured human-lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 263 9353-9359. 

The concentration and afiinity of somatomedin receptors on intact cells and isolated membranes are subject to modulation by a variety of ctors. In common with many other peptide hormone receptors, SM-C/IGF-I receptors on cultured IM-9 lymphocytes are down-regulated by exposure of the cells to SM-C/IGF-I. Insulin and other related peptides are also capable of causing receptor loss, with a potency proportional to their ability to bind to the SM-C/IGF-I receptor (RII). In contrast, binding sites for MSA tracer (i.e., type-II sites) on chondrosarcoma chondrocytes are reported to be un-... 

There are a few cases of alkaloids that act at the receptors for peptide hormones. Spiroquinazoline inhibits the binding of substance P to its receptor on astrocytoma cells [315]. Chelerythrine and sanguinarine compete with vasopressin for receptors on rat liver cells [316]. Psycholeine is an antogonist at somatostatin receptors on cultured pituitary cells [317, 318]. Caffeine inhibits the binding of thyrotropinreleasing hormone to pituitary cells [319]. 

The abundant IGF-I (somatomedin C), a 70-residue single-chain basic peptide with a sequence and three-dimensional structure homologous to that of proinsu-lin,206.207 jg considered a major mediator of the action of fhe pifuitary growth hormone (GH, somatotropin). Studies in cell culture suggest that GH may induce differentiation of cells, and that IGF-I may then cause a rapid proliferation of the newly differentiated cells. The homologous 67-residue IGF-II may have a similar function in fetal development. TTie cell surface receptor for IGF-I is similar to the insulin receptor, but IGF-II receptor is structurally different. It is a monomeric 250-kDa protein and although it is a substrate for a fyrosine kinase, it has no kinase activity of its... 

The outcome seemed due to a particular effect of molybdenum exposure rather than to secondary copper deficiency. The reduction in peak levels of ovulatory luteinizing hormone suggested that events controlling estrus and sexual interest in males had been altered by molybdenum. These effects were the consequence of an inhibitory influence of molybdenum on estrogen and androgen receptor activity that had been demonstrated in cell culture. The effects of sodium molybdate have been described for estrogen receptors (Joab etal. 

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