Peptide hormone receptors

Amino acid receptors Monoamine receptors Lipid receptors Purine receptors Neuropeptide receptors Peptide hormone receptors Chemokine receptors Glycoprotein receptors Protease receptors Metabotropic glutamate and GABAb receptors Adrenoceptors, dopamine and 5-HT receptors, muscarinic and histamine receptors Prostaglandin, thromboxane and PAF receptors Adenosine and ATP (P2Y) receptors Neuropeptide Y, opiate, cholecystokinin VIP, etc. Angiotensin, bradykinin, glucagon, calcitonin, parathyroid, etc. Interleukin-8 TSH, LH/FSH, chorionic gonadotropin, etc. Thrombin... 

The family of heterotrimeric G proteins is involved in transmembrane signaling in the nervous system, with certain exceptions. The exceptions are instances of synaptic transmission mediated via receptors that contain intrinsic enzymatic activity, such as tyrosine kinase or guanylyl cyclase, or via receptors that form ion channels (see Ch. 10). Heterotrimeric G proteins were first identified, named and characterized by Alfred Gilman, Martin Rodbell and others close to 20 years ago. They consist of three distinct subunits, a, (3 and y. These proteins couple the activation of diverse types of plasmalemma receptor to a variety of intracellular processes. In fact, most types of neurotransmitter and peptide hormone receptor, as well as many cytokine and chemokine receptors, fall into a superfamily of structurally related molecules, termed G-protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are named for the role of G proteins in mediating the varied biological effects of the receptors (see Ch. 10). Consequently, numerous effector proteins are influenced by these heterotrimeric G proteins ion channels adenylyl cyclase phosphodiesterase (PDE) phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to yield arachidonic acid. In addition, these G proteins have been implicated in... 

Opium alkaloids are nonpeptide agonists for the opioid peptide hormone receptors. The dried latex of Papaver somniferum (opium), or the seed capsule of the plant itself, are the sources of almost 25 alkaloids. Some simple isoquinolines from opium, like papaverine (5.86), are antispasmodics. The principal alkaloid ( 10% of the total) is morphine (3.11), which is also an isoquinoline (rings C and E) but can addihonally be considered a phenanthrene derivahve (rings A, B, and C). 

Pellegrini, M., Mierke, D.F. (1999). Structural characterization of peptide hormone/receptor interactions by NMR spectroscopy. Biopolymers (Peptide Sci.), 51, 208-220. 

The retro-peptide bond is a true isosteric peptide bond surrogate and as such may offer an important tool to study topics such as the functional role of the peptide backbone in peptide hormone-receptor interactions, and modulation of metabolic stability and bioavailability. Partially modified retro-inverso-peptides (PMRI-peptides) (e.g., 2-4, 7 Scheme 1) result from a retro-inverso transformation of one or several peptide bonds in an amino- and carboxy-free peptide (e.g., 5 Scheme 1). Evidently, partial or exhaustive retro-inverso transformations result in the introduction of two non-amino acid residues into the... 

To date, the presence of receptors in the circulation has not been convincingly demonstrated and, even if such receptors exist, it is likely that they represent structurally altered forms of the receptor compared to the functional receptor present in membranes. There has, however, been a report of autoantibodies to a peptide hormone receptor spontaneously developing as the anti-idiotype to the hormone antibody itself [26]. 

Catt KH, Harwood JP, Clayton RN, Davies TE, Chan V, Kaiti-neni M, Nozu K, Dufau M (1980) Regulation of peptide hormone receptors and gonadal steroidogenesis. Rec Progr Horm Res 36 557-622... 

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (11 subt5 es) Purine receptors (P2Y) Adenosine, AMP, ADP, ATP Peptide hormone receptors... 

Wittliff KL, Pasic R, Bland KI. Steroid and peptide hormone receptors identified in breast tissue. In Kirby Kl, Copeland EM, eds. The breast. Philadelphia WB Saunders Co, 1990 900-36. 

The concentration and afiinity of somatomedin receptors on intact cells and isolated membranes are subject to modulation by a variety of ctors. In common with many other peptide hormone receptors, SM-C/IGF-I receptors on cultured IM-9 lymphocytes are down-regulated by exposure of the cells to SM-C/IGF-I. Insulin and other related peptides are also capable of causing receptor loss, with a potency proportional to their ability to bind to the SM-C/IGF-I receptor (RII). In contrast, binding sites for MSA tracer (i.e., type-II sites) on chondrosarcoma chondrocytes are reported to be un-... 

Monaghan, P., Thomas, B. E., Woznica, I., Wittekberger, A., Mierke, D. F., Rosenblatt, M. (2008). Mapping peptide hormone — receptor interactions using a disulfide-trapping approachf. Biochemistry, 47(22), 5889-5895. http //dx.doi.org/ 10.1021/bi800122f. 

Prolonged Biological Activity. A Possible Feature of Peptide Hormone-Receptor Interaction ... 

NET cells are characterized by their ability to take up and concentrate amine precursors such as dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA) and hydroxytryptophane (HTP) and to produce amines and peptides, for which reason they were also classified as amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells. They may also express different peptide hormone receptors (like somatostatin receptors) or transporters at their cell membrane. These uptake mechanisms and the presence of peptide receptors and transporters constitute the basis for the use of specific radiolabeled ligands for imaging of neuroendocrine tumors. 

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